柴达木盆地冲湖积平原区深部淡水利用前景分析

柴达木盆地中部湖盐、石油和天然气化工基地淡水资源极度匮乏,供水矛盾日益加剧,淡水资源不足已成为制约湖盐、石油和天然气等矿产资源开发的瓶颈。根据已有勘探资料分析,提出在柴达木盆地较大河流下游冲湖积平原浅部咸卤水分布区,深部沿古河道存在较丰富的淡承压自流水,具有良好的开发利用前景,这对缓解柴达木盆地循环经济试验区湖盐、石油和天然气化工基地供水矛盾具有重要的支撑作用。     

Kinetics of phosphate adsorption by iron oxyhydroxides in aqueous systems

The rate of uptake of phosphate onto synthetic Fe(III)- and Fe(II)-derived oxyhydroxides has been studied using reaction conditions similar to those encountered in natural waters. Kinetic analyses were carried out on the adsorption profiles and both first-order and second-order conditional rate constants were obtained. The temperature dependence of some of the rate constants was investigated and corresponding apparent activation energies calculated. Similar experiments and analyses were undertaken using Fe from natural sources and in general the conditional rate constants obtained in seawater were in agreement with the synthetic ones. The results of this study are of value when comparing the time scales of adsorption processes in natural waters with the time scales of mixing and advection.     

从页岩气革命看中国资源勘探的战略方向

美国页岩油气开发的巨大成功不仅对美国乃至世界油气供应格局产生明显影响,而且对地下资源勘探开发思路有重大启示.首先,向低品位资源开发能使可用资源的数量成倍增加;其次,找油找矿思路的拓宽可导致新区新领域的开拓;第三,实现上两点必须有技术水平创新式发展.中国矿产资源发展的战略方向亦应强调向多种低品位资源的开拓,提高选矿水平,推进资源的综合勘探开发利用.为此,要积极持续地进行找矿新思路、新领域和新技术研究.     

Effect of the Mahanadi River on the Development of Storm Surge Along the Orissa Coast of India: A Numerical Study

River-ocean coupled models are described for the evaluation of the interaction between river discharge and surge development along the Orissa coast of India. The models are used to study the effect of fresh water discharge from the Mahanadi River on the surge response along the Orissa coast due to the October 1999 super cyclone which led to severe flooding of the coastal and delta regions of Orissa. The so-called 1999 Paradip cyclone was one of the most severe cyclones; causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. The present study emphasizes the impact of the Mahanadi River on overall surge development along the Orissa coast. Therefore, we have developed a location specific fine resolution model for the Orissa coast and coupled it with a one–dimensional river model. The numerical experiments are carried out, both with and without inclusion of fresh water discharge from the river. The bathymetry for the model has been taken from the naval hydrographic charts extending from the south of Orissa to the south of west Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea-surface elevations. The simulations with river-ocean coupled models show that the discharge of fresh water carried by the river may modify the surge height in the Bay, especially in the western Bay of Bengal where one of the largest river systems of the east coast of India, the Mahanadi River, joins with the Bay of Bengal. Another dynamic effect of this inlet is the potentially deep inland penetration of the surge originating in the Bay. The model results are in good agreement with the available observations/estimates.     

珠江河口咸潮问题之我见

咸潮只是河口偏于向陆一侧盐度较低（0.5~10）的那一部分盐淡混合或冲淡水体,不宜将河口“咸水”和海洋“盐水”等同或混为一谈;视“咸潮上溯”为“盐水入侵”欠当。咸潮上溯为河口自身物质的随潮运动,基本上是一种被动的行为。咸潮上溯之动力机理,与河口水、盐物质于一年、一月和一天中随潮在河口的进出、“排”“蓄”循环运动过程有关。小潮向中潮变化时期（一月中）及其初落时段（一天中）,河口正处于由“蓄”（进）转“排”（出）阶段,其时表“排”（淡水）、底“蓄”（咸水）,水体高度呈层,受异重流的影响,底部咸潮进一步上溯“冲刺”达盐度最大值。大潮向中潮变化时的压咸效果最佳。     

苏宏图地区地下淡水形成机制

本文在前人工作的基础上,通过进一步的地质、水文地质调查,地球物理勘探,水文地质钻探,在阿拉善北部苏宏图寻找了可资应用的地下淡水,依据地貌、地层结构、地质构造和补径排特征分析了该区地下淡水的赋存和运移机制,对于同类干旱区地下水的勘查具有重要的意义。     

塔里木河南岸地下淡水资源分布特征及成因分析--以哈得4油田水源地为例

塔里木河南岸地下水资源，卡要为受塔里水河控制的具有高矿化背景的地下水，在塔里木河洪水的淡化影响下，形成了一定范围的地下水淡化带．这种淡化水对油田供水具有战略意义，在一定程度上制约着油田建设的发展．通过对塔埋木河南岸地下淡水资源的分布特征与成因分析．为塔河南岸地下淡水资源的合理开发与利用指明了方向．     

Chemical characteristics and environmental significance of fresh snow deposition on Urumqi Glacier No. 1 of Tianshan Mountains, China

Ice and snow chemistry of alpine glaciers is crucial for the research of regional atmospheric environment change. Fresh snow samples were weekly collected from Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains, Xin- jiang, China, and the chemical characteristics and seasonal variations of major ions, mineral dust, δ18O and trace metals were measured. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow are Ca2+ SO42- NH4+ NO3- Cl- Na+ Mg2+ K+, in which Ca2+ is the dominant cation, and SO42-is the dominant anion. All major ions have close positive correlations with each other except NO3-. δ18O shows positive correlation with air temperature change during the study period. Mineral dust particle and major ionic concentrations in fresh snow have obvious seasonal change, with high concentration in spring but low concentration in summer and autumn, which indicates that the chemical mass input from Asian dust activity to snow is very significant. Temporal changes of trace metals in fresh snow, e.g., Cd, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, have shown that human-induced pollution of central Asian region also has large contribution to the snow chemistry on alpine glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains.     

北太平洋热带水体积的年际变化及其变化机制

利用EN4(the UK Met Office EN4.2.1 analyses)盐度数据发现北太平洋副热带高盐中心——北太平洋热带水(NPTW)的海表面积与体积在2000-2008年、2014-2017年存在下降趋势,2008-2014年期间存在上升趋势,进一步的研究表明,这些变化与太平洋年代际震荡(PDO)的位相转...     

一种可增加海岛地下淡水资源储量的方法研究

淡水透镜体作为海岛上珍贵的地下淡水资源,对于满足居民生活用水与维护生态系统具有重要作用,增加海岛地下淡水资源储量可有效缓解海岛地区普遍存在的水资源短缺问题。本研究提出通过在海岛外部区域采用低渗透性介质材料增加海岛地下淡水资源储量的方法,采用室内物理模型实验与基于变密度地下水流溶质运移模型的数值模拟相结合的方法对提出方法的有效性进行了验证,并通过野外尺度的数学模型分析工程实施可能性。实验与数值模拟结果较吻合,表明该方法具有抵御海水入侵、增加海岛地下淡水资源储量的巨大潜力。通过基于野外尺度的数值模拟分析工程实施的可能性,发现对于降雨入渗补给强度为0.005 7 m/d、长度为200 m,孔隙度为0.3的狭长形均质海岛,地下淡水储量为66.5 m3/m,在海岛外部区域采用渗透系数为1 m/d、厚度为5 m的低渗透性介质材料后,淡水透镜体经过约8 a时间可再次达到稳态,地下淡水储量为343.8 m3/m,增加约4倍,工程实施具备一定可能性。本研究为缓解海岛地区缺水问题、实现淡水资源可持续利用提供了一种新方法。