基于阻尼器反力墙体系的特大型LNG储罐控制研究

特大型液化天然气（LNG）储罐的固有频率通常介于2~10 Hz之间,处于大部分地震运动的频率范围之内。在过去的几十年中,许多事故已经证明,储罐在地震作用下很容易遭破坏。使用隔震支座来减少储罐的地震作用已经被证明是非常有效的,但对于特大型LNG储罐,其连接组件对隔震层层间位移有严格限制,尤其是在软土场地中,桩水平抗力与隔震层位移是一对矛盾,普通隔震系统会在隔震层产生较大位移,导致特大型LNG储罐连接组件的设计非常困难。因此提出了一种由环形阻尼器反力墙、粘滞阻尼器以及安装于基桩顶端的隔震支座组成的新型隔震系统,反力墙独立设置于地基中,不与桩基连接,罐底的部分剪力直接向反力墙传递。以容量为16万m3的特大型LNG储罐为例,建立多自由度集中质量简化模型,以层间位移、桩基剪力作为性能指标进行了评价分析。结果显示,新型隔震系统对特大型LNG储罐隔震层位移及桩基剪力的控制非常有效。     

大型立式浮顶储罐基础隔震数值研究

强震作用下,立式浮顶储罐破坏严重。为了降低浮顶储罐的地震响应,选取15×104m3大型立式浮顶储罐,引入基础隔震措施,并考虑浮顶的影响,应用势流体理论,采用ADINA建立有限元模型。研究在不同隔震层阻尼比、不同隔震周期、不同烈度及不同场地条件影响下,基础隔震浮顶储罐的地震响应并进行对比分析。结果表明:当隔震层阻尼比为0.2～0.3时减震效果较好,阻尼比存在合理优化区间;随着隔震周期、地震烈度的增加,基础隔震浮顶储罐的减震率增加;基础隔震浮顶储罐的减震效应受场地条件影响较大;基础隔震措施不能有效控制浮顶储罐的晃动波高。浮顶储罐隔震设计时需要综合考虑多种因素,选取最佳隔震设计参数。     

Performance Enhancement of Solar Latent Heat Thermal Storage System with Particle Dispersion — an Exergy Approach

Phase change material (PCM) employed latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) system has been showing good potential over the years for energy management, particularly in solar energy systems. However, enhancement in thermal conductivity of PCMs is emphasized as PCMs are known for their poor thermal conductivity. In this work, the thermal performance of a shell and tube LHTS module containing PCM‐metal particles composite is investigated while charging and is compared with that of pure PCM system. The effect of particle dispersion on latent heat capacity of pure PCM is also analyzed. Enthalpy based governing equations are solved numerically adopting FLUENT code. Exergy based performance evaluation is taken as a main aspect. The numerical results are presented for various operating conditions of heat transfer fluid (HTF) and indicate considerable performance improvement of the system when particles are dispersed.     

河北平原土壤有机碳含量的变化

应用1979年第二次土壤普查数据和2004年多目标地球化学调查结果及其它资料,利用网格单元分别计算了1979年和2004年河北平原0～0.2m和0～1.8m的不同土壤类型的有机碳储量.结果表明河北平原土壤有机碳含量在25年间持续增长,2004年浅层和深层土壤平均有机碳储量比1979年有了分别增加了24.25％和31.3...     

基于优化-模拟技术的生态库容

为发挥水库在水资源开发利用与河流生态环境问题之间的协调作用,以丹江口水库为例,探讨了综合利用水库生态库容划分方法。以丹江口水库下游襄阳和仙桃为控制断面,采用Tennant法计算下游河道生态流量的参考值。在考虑丹江口水库的防洪、生态、供水、调水、发电、航运等综合任务和汉江中下游水量联系的基础上,建立了综合利用水库的生态库容优化模型,拟定了4组调度规则,应用自适应遗传算法和模拟调度方法进行求解。计算结果表明:设置生态库容后的调度图能较好地满足控制断面对生态流量的需求,获得较佳综合利用效益。     

Mechanism and forecasting method of persistent extreme weather events: review and prospect

Persistent extreme weather is of high disaster causing capability, represents a great threat to the safety of both people and property and results in substantial economic losses. However, the underlying mechanism of such high impact weather remains unclear, and related forecasting methods are quite under studied currently. Based on the comprehensive reviews of the relevant studies about persistent extreme weather, the prediction of such events within the period during 1～2 weeks in advance is believed to be a significant scientific issue. For this scientific problem, the studies of atmospheric low frequency process, the interaction between multi scale systems, the forcing of complicated underlying surface and sea land atmosphere interactions are necessary to be performed. These multi perspective studies will favor the final establishment of the corresponding forecasting theory and method based on the combination of dynamical prediction and statistical predication. It is hoped that the deficiencies in systematic studies about persistent extreme weather may be made up through pertinent studies, which will prolong the time length of forecasting and increase the prediction precision of such high impact events.     

二氧化碳地质储存的主要环境问题及研究进展

CO2地质储存是缓解温室效应的有效手段之一.在CO2地质储存工程实施过程中可能引起断裂、地震、淡水含水层污染等地质灾害问题,对人类和生态环境造成危害.本文系统阐述CO2地质储存过程中造成的环境地质问题及其成因机制,并从风险评价、监测预警、应急补救等角度提出了具体防治措施,对CO2地质储存技术的安全性评估及工程实施项目管理具有重要的实际意义.     

Geotechnical problems on freezing ground soil and experimental investigation in Kazakhstan

Frost susceptibility should be considered in the design and construction of foundations and retaining-wall structures in regions with the seasonally freezing-soil ground condition. When planning construction that goes deep into this soil, one has to understand the impact of horizontal forces to an underground wall and realize the potential effect of frost heaving upon, deep foundations. This article presents a few soil tests for frost heaving and the results of those tests show dangerous data for retaining structures under the soil conditions in Kazakhstan. The main parameters of the soil include frost penetration and heaving rate and amount. So, in designing underground structures, one must understand and consider that frost heaving occurs in various directions; this factor is very important for predicting on the restriction of deformations of structures in the seasonally freezing-soil ground condition.