横贯中国东南部的一条古断裂带

本文根据地质和物探资料,论证横贯中国东南部桂西、黔东南、湘西北、鄂东南、赣西北、皖东南和苏南的湘黔-江南古断裂带。中元古代为超壳断裂,古生代属壳断裂,是一条长期发展的控岩控矿的古断裂带。往东入海,延向济州岛和西南日本飞驒地区。     

Icequakes and glacier motion: The hans glacier,spitsbergen

The recording of glacier icequakes has been carried out on the Hans glacier, Spitsbergen. The icequakes have been connected with the formation of open cracks. The energy of the main group of icequakes has ranged from 0.01 J to 6 J, their seismic moment being from 0.5 · 10¹⁴ dyne · cm to 26 · 10¹⁴ dyne · cm. The nonelastic volume increase corresponding to each crack has ranged from 0.2 · 10⁻² m³ to 8.8 · 10⁻² m³. The stresses released due to extensional faulting ranged from 25N/m² to 500 N/m²; these values are so small that they suggest an incomplete release of the medium. The contribution into the glacier flow rate of the deformation in the surface glacier layer due to extensional faulting is lower by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude than the total plastic deformation associated with the ice creeping.     

海南什统萤石矿床地质特征

什统萤石矿床位于海南省白沙拗陷带与五指山隆起的接触部位,是以断裂控矿为主的大型萤石矿床,其容矿构造为NE向张扭性断裂,成矿围岩为二长花岗岩和结晶灰岩.笔者以现场地质事实为依据,细致地研究该区的矿床地质特征,为今后的萤石矿床地质探矿提供了理论依据.     

小尖山金矿床赋矿层位及容矿裂隙特征

文章从赋矿层位、构造入手,研究了金矿形成的特殊矿源层及构造作用下的成矿裂隙特征,认为小尖山金矿位于全区含金丰度最高的石炭系下统雅满苏组地层内,差异的矿化特征主要由不同的裂隙导致形成.     

High-resolution structures of the Landers fault zone inferred from aftershock waveform data

High-frequency body waves recorded by a temporary seismic array across the surface rupture trace of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake were used to determine fault-zone structures down to the seismogenic depth. We first developed a technique to use generalized ray theory to compute synthetic seismograms for arbitrarily oriented tabular low-velocity fault-zone models. We then generated synthetic waveform record sections of a linear array across a vertical fault zone. They show that both arrival times and waveforms of P and S waves vary systematically across the fault due to transmissions and reflections from boundaries of the low-velocity fault zone. The waveform characteristics and arrival-time patterns in the record sections allow us to locate the boundaries of the fault zone and to determine its P - and S -wave velocities independently as well as its depth extent. Therefore, the trade-off between the fault-zone width and velocities can be avoided. Applying the method to the Landers waveform data reveals a low-velocity zone with a width of 270–360 m and a 35–60 per cent reduction in P and S velocities relative to the host rock. The analysis suggests that the low-velocity zone extends to a depth of ∼7 km. The western boundary of the low-velocity zone coincides with the observed main surface rupture trace.     

Flow and transport predictions during multi-borehole tests in fractured chalk using discrete fracture network models

Multi-borehole pumping and tracer tests on the 10 to 100-m scale were conducted in a fractured chalk aquitard in the Negev Desert, Israel. Outcrop and core fracture surveys, as well as slug tests in packed-off intervals, were carried out at this site to obtain the parameters needed for construction of a stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN). Calibration of stochastic DFNs directly to the multiple borehole test data was inadequate. Instead, two equivalent deterministic DFN flow models were used: the vertical-fractures (VF) model, consisting of only vertical fractures, and the fractures’ intersections (INT) model, consisting of vertical and horizontal fractures with enhanced transmissivity at their intersections. Both models were calibrated against the multi-borehole response of one pumping test and their predictions were tested against three other independent pumping tests. The average accuracies of all transient drawdown predictions of the VF and INT models were 65 and 66%, respectively. In contrast to this equality in average drawdown predictions of both models, the INT model predicted better important breakthrough curve features (e.g., first and peak arrival times), than the VF model. This result is in line with previously assumed channeled flow, derived from analytical analysis of these pumping and tracer tests. Ronit Nativ, deceased, may her memory be blessed.     

裂隙概化模型的非饱和渗流试验研究

借鉴多孔介质非饱和渗流试验的研究成果,研制出一套可同时测定单裂隙毛细压力-饱和度以及非饱和渗透系数-毛细压力关系的试验装置.为检验试验装置的可信度和试验原理的正确性,并初步探讨单裂隙非饱和渗流的机理,特制作了一阶梯开度的裂隙概化模型(本文称之为“S-H”裂隙模型),并在上述试验装置上进行了“S-H”裂隙模型的非饱和渗流试验,初步阐明了单裂隙非饱和渗流的一些基本水力特性,同时试验结果也表明本文试验装置和试验原理合理可靠.     

开挖边坡随机楔体稳定分析与加锚优化方法

随机楔体的破坏是岩石开挖边坡中常见的破坏类型之一，在对组成楔体的结构而调查统计的基础上，应用随机模拟的方法，生成开挖边坡的三维裂隙网络，进一步运用随机搜索方法与块体理论，搜索出边坡面上的随机楔体，进行楔体的稳定分析，采用风险设计的理论，建立系统锚杆的优化设计方法，将研究结果应用于小湾水电站进水口开挖边坡的稳定分析与锚固优化设计中，得到了较为可信的结果。     

A modeling study on the controlling factors of seismic source distribution and their strength index——Practical analyses of the seismic environmental factors of the Honghe fault

IntroductionThe tectono-physical background and dynamic environmental features of strong earthquakes have long been studied from different viewpoints by seismologists both in domestic and abroad. Many controlling factors include the crust structure, lithological environment, tectonic conditions, the stress state, heat flow distribution and hydrodynamic effects at depth, etc. Some of the studies have established a foundation for researching and recognizing the spatial distribution of potential …