Intensity measures for probabilistic assessment of non‐structural components acceleration demand

A fundamental issue in the framework of seismic probabilistic risk analysis is the choice of ground motion intensity measures (IMs). Based on the floor response spectrum method, the present contribution focuses on the ability of IMs to predict non‐structural components (NSCs) horizontal acceleration demand. A large panel of IMs is examined and a new IM, namely equipment relative average spectral acceleration (E‐ASA_R), is proposed for the purpose of NSCs acceleration demand prediction. The IMs efficiency and sufficiency comparisons are based on (i) the use of a large dataset of recorded earthquake ground motions; (ii) numerical analyses performed on three‐dimensional numerical models, representing actual structural wall and frame buildings; and (iii) systematic statistical analysis of the results. From the comparative study, the herein introduced E‐ASA_R shows high efficiency with respect to the estimation of maximum floor response spectra ordinates. Such efficiency is particularly remarkable in the case of structural wall buildings. Besides, the sufficiency and the simple formulation allowing the use of existing ground motion prediction models make the E‐ASA_R a promising IMs for seismic probabilistic risk assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

iTRAQ-based proteomic profiling of the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) gonad exposed to BDE-47

A recent study demonstrated that 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) may have an adverse effect on the reproduction in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the protein expression profiles of male and female gonads of O. melastigma exposed to dietary BDE-47 at two dosages (0.65 and 1.30 μg/g/day, respectively) for 21 days. Extracted proteins were labeled with iTRAQ and analyzed on a MALDI TOF/TOF analyzer, as results, 133 and 144 unique proteins were identified in testis and ovary, respective, and they exerted dose- and sex-dependent expression patterns. In testis, among the 42 differentially expressed proteins; down-regulation of histone variants and parvalbumins implicated BDE-47 may disrupt the spermatogenesis and induce sterility in fishes. In ovary, 38 proteins were differentially expressed; the elevation of vitellogenins and apolipoprotein A–I expression indicated BDE-47 acts as an estrogen-mimicking compound and led to reproductive impairment in O. melastigma.     

梅雨锋暴雨研究中的四维变分同化试验

作者利用PSU/NCAR的MM5数值预报模式及其伴随模式, 以中国1999年6月23日～24日的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程为个例, 根据气象要素与同化窗口之间的配置差异, 作了3组变分同化试验.试验结果表明: 4DVAR方法在提高梅雨锋暴雨的数值预报水平上具有重要的作用.     

动态监测变化信息提取

在土地利用遥感动态监测变化信息提取过程中,利用自动发现方法得到的变化图斑灰度值是分布在一定范围内的,为了能高效地提取出区域变化信息,利用Photoshop图像处理技术,将变化图斑及其背景二值化,并利用本文提出的似四邻域边界矢量化算法进行自动矢量化处理.然后,对比其它方法处理得到的变化信息对提取的矢量边界进行编辑处理,提高数据室内处理精度.     

抗差岭型组合主成分估计及误差影响

本文从有偏估计类中的岭型组合主成分估计出发 ,结合抗差估计理论 ,利用抗差M估计模型 ,提出了一种新的抗差有偏估计法———抗差岭型组合主成分估计。推导了平差参数的抗差岭型组合主成分估计解 ,以及平差参数的验后精度和误差影响函数。计算结果表明 ,抗差岭型组合主成分估计不但能克服法方程系数阵病态性的影响 ,而且能有效地抵制观测值中精差的异常干扰 ,使参数的解更为准确可靠     

地震动作用下均匀土质边坡的临界转角分析

均质土坡变形的整体旋转角度（即转角）与其弧形滑动特征相协调,是比永久位移更为优越的土坡变形与稳定性表征量。地震动瞬态弹性变形应变能相当于土坡系统势能的动态随机性“涨落”,临界点（临界转角）作为系统本身的一个固有特性,不受地震动随机性“涨落”的影响,土坡滑动失稳的临界转角实质上对应着系统势能的突变点。基于均质土坡地震动失稳的特点,结合突变理论,给出了确定失稳临界转角的计算公式,发现其仅与滑带介质本构模型参数 、 和滑弧半径R有关,但在本质上体现了诸因素的影响而具有广泛适用性。     

基于气候变化和人类活动影响的土地利用分析——以新疆阿克苏河流域绿洲为例

以1990、 2000、 2010年3期Landsat TM影像为土地利用基础数据, 结合1990年以来的社会经济资料和反映气候变化的气温、 降水数据, 对1990年以来阿克苏河流域绿洲土地利用变化进行了分析. 结果表明: 1990-2010年期间, 耕地、 建设用地以单向转入为主, 耕地对绿洲"扩张"贡献最大, 前期(1990-2000年)的贡献率为129.1%, 后期(2001-2010年)的贡献率提高到142.5%; 草地、 水域以单向转出为主, 草地对绿洲"萎缩"贡献最大, 前期的贡献率是-39.8%, 后期是-34.8%; 其次是水域, 前期对绿洲的贡献率是-1%, 后期是-9.3%; 河漫滩、 林地、 湿地在前期对绿洲的"扩张"贡献率分别是7.5%、 0.3%和5.1%, 后期对绿洲的"萎缩"贡献率分别是-2.4%、 -0.02%和-0.4%. 近20 a来流域绿洲规模整体上持续扩张. 通过分析绿洲土地利用驱动力系统可以看出, 绿洲土地利用类型变化主要受人类活动影响, 气候变化起基础性作用.     

塔里木盆地腹地晚新生代沉积序列的超细粒组分记录及其古气候意义

对红白山剖面的粒度分析表明,塔里木盆地腹地晚新生代沉积物的粒度曲线中普遍存在一个超细粒组分。其众数粒径分布比较稳定,平均为0.87μm,含量变化介于0.3%～10%,在不同成因的沉积物中和在剖面上都具有明显的变化规律。对同一岩性段而言,超细粒组分含量在风成砂中最低,在黄土中较低,在河流相沉积中较高,在湖相泥岩中最高。尽管受岩性变化的影响比较显著,但不同成因沉积物的超细粒组分含量在剖面上的变化基本一致,暗示了其长周期变化受同一驱动因子控制。化学风化和/或成壤作用强度可能起着关键作用。红白山剖面超细粒组分含量在2.8Ma的快速降低指示了化学风化和/或成壤作用强度的显著减弱,进而反映了塔里木盆地腹地干旱化的显著加强。     

Comparison of LiDAR waveform processing methods for very shallow water bathymetry using Raman,near‐infrared and green signals

Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) bathymetry appears to be a useful technology for bed topography mapping of non‐navigable areas, offering high data density and a high acquisition rate. However, few studies have focused on continental waters, in particular, on very shallow waters (<2 m) where it is difficult to extract the surface and bottom positions that are typically mixed in the green LiDAR signal. This paper proposes two new processing methods for depth extraction based on the use of different LiDAR signals [green, near‐infrared (NIR), Raman] of the SHOALS‐1000T sensor. They have been tested on a very shallow coastal area (Golfe du Morbihan, France) as an analogy to very shallow rivers. The first method is based on a combination of mathematical and heuristic methods using the green and the NIR LiDAR signals to cross validate the information delivered by each signal. The second method extracts water depths from the Raman signal using statistical methods such as principal components analysis (PCA) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. The obtained results are then compared to the reference depths, and the performances of the different methods, as well as their advantages/disadvantages are evaluated. The green/NIR method supplies 42% more points compared to the operator process, with an equivalent mean error (?4·2 cm verusu ?4·5 cm) and a smaller standard deviation (25·3 cm verusu 33·5 cm). The Raman processing method provides very scattered results (standard deviation of 40·3 cm) with the lowest mean error (?3·1 cm) and 40% more points. The minimum detectable depth is also improved by the two presented methods, being around 1 m for the green/NIR approach and 0·5 m for the statistical approach, compared to 1·5 m for the data processed by the operator. Despite its ability to measure other parameters like water temperature, the Raman method needed a large amount of reference data to provide reliable depth measurements, as opposed to the green/NIR method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PLANT ADAPTATION,FIRM ENVIRONMENTS AND LOCATION ANALYSIS

Principal components analysis of fracture trace and sinkhole characteristics near 33 wells drawing water from the Ocala aquifer identified three hydrogeologically significant components. Multiple regression analysis using these components as independent variables showed that the flow of water to a well bore is influenced in order of importance by (1) proximity to a zone of high secondary permeability; (2) average aquifer transmissivity near the well; and (3) degree of cavity development in the closest zone of high secondary permeability.