自适应卡尔曼滤波在基坑变形监测中的应用

在现代建筑中基坑越来越深,基坑越深带来的危险就越大,因此准确地监测和预报基坑的变形趋势十分重要。卡尔曼滤波是经典的数据处理方法,但传统卡尔曼滤波所建立的数学模型不是很精确且动态噪音设计不易确定可能导致状态估计失真,甚至导致滤波发散的现象,本文利用方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波理论对太原万达广场某商住楼基坑位移监测数据进行处理,得出基坑位移变化趋势。     

应用属性数学理论的采空区地基稳定性评价

基于属性教学理论,本文提出了评价采空区地基稳定性的属性识别模型.以采煤工作面终采时间、沉降趋势、深厚比、构造复杂程度、上覆岩层强度、相对位置、“活化”因素等作为评价指标,将来空区稳定性等级划分为4个级别,以属性数学理论建立各评价指标的属性测度函数,以该函数计算单指标属性测度值和样本综合属性测度值,最后以置信度准则进行评...     

全站仪在深基坑变形监测中的应用

文章介绍了城市深基坑监测的目的、意义、方法及测量的精度估算等。指出了以前部分监测方法的不足,提出了利用全站仪对基坑进行的3维变形观测的方法,以及对该测量方法的精度论证。得出了该方法不但能提高测量精度、效率,而且节省了资源等结论。     

自动化全站仪在高层建筑基坑变形监测中的应用

在对自动全站仪自由设站观测原理进行认真分析研究后,利用TC 2003高精度自动全站仪的自由设站加极坐标法对某高层建筑的一级基坑进行变形监测,通过监测结果精度分析,验证了自动全站仪在建筑物变形监测中的快速、准确性.     

Experimental study of the dynamic interaction between the foundation of the NEES/UCSD Shake Table and the surrounding soil: Reaction block response

An extensive experimental study of the dynamic interaction between the foundation block for the NEES/UCSD Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table and the surrounding soil was conducted in 2003. The vibrations induced by the two NEES@UCLA large eccentric mass shakers were recorded at multiple stations within the reinforced concrete foundation block and on the surface of the surrounding soil up to distances of 270 m from the block. The present paper focuses on analysis of the data recorded within the reaction block including the average rigid body motion of the foundation and its dependence on frequency, and the deformation of the block for longitudinal (EW), transverse (NS), and torsional excitation. Comparison of the reaction block response during shaker induced vibrations with that for the much stronger actuator forces shows that linearity holds for the range of forces involved. Comparisons with analytical results for a simplified model of the foundation show good agreement between experimental and theoretical results.     

渗透固结方法分类的探讨

在分析饱和软土地基不同排水固结处理方法的基础上,将饱和软土渗透固结按其作用机理的不同区分为压缩型固结和渗透力型固结;渗透力型固结又分为减压型和加压型两种形式,将真空预压归类于减压型渗透力固结。提出了超稳定渗流孔隙水压力的概念,得出了渗透力型固结的过程就是超稳定渗流孔隙水压力逐渐转化为有效应力的过程的结论;建立了渗透力型固结沉降计算的简化方法。并对渗透固结处理软土地基的若干问题进行了分析和讨论。     

预应力混凝土冠梁计算模型

提出了一种基于预应力混凝土的基坑冠梁的计算模型,其基本原理是利用预应力的等效荷载作用,在基坑支护结构冠梁中采用预应力混凝土,对基坑支护结构提供主动支护作用。结果表明：采用预应力混凝土冠梁可以提高基坑支护体系坑顶的刚度,改善深基坑支护结构的受力,降低工程成本;计算模型简单,具有内撑和拉锚的功效,施工更方便,质量容易控制;预应力混凝土冠梁能够充分发挥预应力钢筋的抗拉作用,减小支护结构的顶部位移和增加悬臂式支护结构的支护深度;冠梁中的预应力钢筋能够回收和重复利用,经济环保。因此,预应力混凝土冠梁在基坑支护中具有很好的推广和应用价值。     

碎石桩加固饱和粉土地基的抗液化特性

除饱和砂土液化外,饱和粉土地震液化问题也是岩土地震工程中一个重要的研究课题。饱和粉土地基的地震液化及变形可以采用多种地基加固方法防治,碎石桩技术是常用方法之一。碎石桩复合地基的抗液化效应,主要是增加桩周土体的密度、利于桩体的排水以及由桩体分担地震水平剪应力（桩体减震作用）。但由于粉土的土质特性,粉土-碎石桩复合地基的抗液化特性与砂土有着明显的差异。本文结合目前国内外碎石桩复合地基抗液化研究的最新进展,对粉土-碎石桩的密实、排水减压和减震作用做了较详细的评述,最后提出了关于碎石柱复合地基抗液化特性需要进一步研究的问题。     

The effects of Soil–Structure Interaction on a reinforced concrete viaduct

This paper presents a numerical strategy to model a three‐pier viaduct made of prestressed concrete. The viaduct was tested pseudodynamically in ELSA laboratory (JRC Ispra, Italy). During the experimental campaign, only the three piers were tested, whereas the behaviour of the deck was simulated using the finite element method. The first part of the paper presents a numerical model of the viaduct based on the Timoshenko multifibre beam elements and non‐linear constitutive laws. Comparisons with the experimental results show the good performance of the approach. In the second part, a parametric study is carried out showing the influence of Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI). Various types of soils are considered using a recently developed macro‐element representing a rigid shallow foundation. The macro‐element is suitable for dynamic (seismic) loadings and it takes into account the plasticity of the soil, the uplift of the foundation, P?θ effects and the radiative damping. Finally, the numerical results are compared with the ones coming from a classical engineering approach using linear elastic springs at the base of the piers. This comparison shows that SSI is a complex phenomenon inducing displacements and internal forces in the structure that are difficult to predict with the linear approach. Based on the results obtained in this paper, it seems now possible to use this approach to investigate numerically the behaviour of a wider variety of configurations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软土深基坑变形性状的时间效应研究

扩展比奥固结理论的应用范围,研究土体固结及蠕变对基坑的影响.利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,计算某实例基坑的有限元值,分析深基坑超静孔压和围墙水平位移的变化规律.结果表明,考虑到时间效应的有限元值更接近连续护墙水平位移实测值.