南黄海EY02-2孔底栖有孔虫群落特征与全新世沉积速率

南黄海中部泥质区的EY02-2孔揭示了氧同位素6期以来的海侵海退序列。该孔浮游有孔虫匮乏。底栖有孔虫丰富。93.87%-100%底栖有孔虫为玻璃质壳。对33个变量98个样品的Q型因子分析得到5个主因子，方差累积贡献为96.51%。主因子1为Ammonia beccarii vars。组合。代表滨岸环境，主因子2为Protelphidium tuber-culatum组合，代表黄海沿岸流冷水分布区或水体较凉的浅海沉积环境；主因子3为Elphidium magellanicum组合，代表近岸浅海环境；主因子4为Ammonia ketienziensis组合，代表水深大于50m的浅海环境；主因子5为Buc-cella frigida组合，代表较冷的沉积环境。南黄海中部涡旋泥开始形成的时代约为9.7kaBP。大致在4.6kaBP南黄海中部全新世海平面高度超过现今海平面。0-7.9kaBP期间，沉积速率较低，为0.133mm/a;7.9-10.16kaBP期间，沉积速率较高。为0.426mm/a。     

南海北部陆丰凹陷中新世底栖有孔虫组合与古环境演化研究

The Miocene epoch marks the most crucial period during the Cenozoic cooling trend, characterized by the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum(MMCO) and a series of short–lived cooling events(Miocene isotope events).To understand the paleoenvironmental evolution along the shallow water shelf in the South China Sea during the Miocene, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage and total organic carbon content(TOC) were analyzed at Hole LF14 located in the Lufeng Sag, northern South China Sea. Three benthic foraminiferal assemblages(e.g., the Uvigerina spp. assemblage, the Cibicides spp. assemblage, and the Cibicidoides spp. assemblage), corresponding to different watermass conditions, were recognized based on Q–mode factor analysis. Early studies suggested that Hole LF14 was deposited under semienclosed bay, middle to outer shelf or even upper bathyal environment during ～18.7–4.53 Ma. The dominant Uvigerina spp. assemblage was characterized by low diversity and shallow infaunal to infaunal species, indicating a warm, low–oxygenation and eutrophic conditions since the Early Miocene to MMCO(～18.7–14.24 Ma). An abrupt sea level drop and significant faunal changes were recorded during 14.24–13.41 Ma, suggesting development of the East Antarctic Ice Sheets, which resulted in a drop of sea level and change in benthic foraminiferal assemblages along the shallow water shelf. Beyond the Uvigerina spp.assemblage, the Cibicides spp. assemblage became important during the middle–late Middle Miocene(14.24–11.54 Ma). This assemblage was dominated by epifaunal species with relative high diversity, suggesting high–energy, high–oxygenation and oligotrophic conditions with episodic supply of organic food. The dominant Cibicidoides spp. assemblage with high diversity, indicates a mesotrophic conditions with relative high–oxygen content during the Late Miocene to Pliocene(11.54–4.53 Ma). The appearance and continuous occurrence of Ammonia spp. and Pseudorotalia spp. since 10.02 Ma, may reflect the influence of the Kuroshio Current.     

Paleogeographic changes in central Honshu, Japan, during the late Cenozoic in relation to the collision of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc with the Honshu Arc

Abstract The northern tip of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc on the Philippine Sea plate collided with the central part of the Honshu Arc in the early Quaternary. The collision history is recorded in late Cenozoic strata that are distributed widely in central Japan. To reconstruct paleotopography during the collision process, paleogeographic maps of central Japan were drawn at six time slices during the late Cenozoic. These maps were made from paleodepth data that were inferred from benthic foraminiferal fossil assemblages. Sedimentological information was also added to the maps. The paleogeographic maps show several distinctive geological features. The paleodepth of the area between the Izu-Ogasawara Arc and the Honshu Arc changed quickly from deep-sea to shallow marine during the Quaternary by means of rapid deposition of large amounts of coarse-grained detritus. The conglomerate was first deposited in a trough as deep-sea fan deposits, and filled the trough until an alluvial fan was formed. Forearc basins of the Honshu Arc facing the collision area subsided from 3 to 1 Ma. Vertical movement of the basin was inferred from a strata thickness/paleodepth correlation graph. It is thought that the tectonic inversion seen in sedimentary basins in the Kanto and Tokai regions might be closely related to the change of motion of the Philippine Sea plate. However, a basin of the Ashigara area sunk continuously without interruption until 0.7 Ma. The collision event affected strongly distribution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Paleogeographic maps show that a deep trough appeared in the Ashigara area between 3 and 1.5 Ma. This trough may have served as a passage for the migration of deep-sea benthic foraminifera between the Pacific and the Philippine Sea. Cold water benthic foraminiferal species occur west of the Izu-Ogasawara ridge deposited in strata during the existence of the passage.     

南海盆地新近纪浮游有孔虫带、气候、生物生产力爆炸事件和沉降速度的转换时限

依据浮游有孔虫带的研究,南海北部浅海区LH-19-4-1井和南海北部陆坡区ODP1148站更新世的N22带,晚上新世的N21带和N20带,早上新世的N19—N18带,中新世的N17带至N4带,和晚渐新世的N3带(N3带=P22带)的地层相当,可以对比。如生物多样性在时间上的变化所示,南海北部浅海区,从晚渐新世的N3带末期至更新世N22带经历了五次降温事件(C1—C5)。C1,晚渐新世N3带末期(23.20~23.40Ma),可能相当于Mi-1事件;C2,早中新世早期N4带中晚期(22.50~21.80Ma),它与Mi-1a事件相当,C2降温事件在陆坡区也有反应;C3,早中新世晚期N7带早中期(17.15~17.10Ma),可能相当Mi-1b事件;C4,中中新世中期N10带晚期(14.65~14.60Ma),可能与Mi-3事件相当;C5发生于早更新世N22带早期。14.60Ma是C4事件结束的时限、是本区古环境长时间尺度变化的时限,也是南海盆地在新近纪期间的沉降速度由慢速转入快速的时限。它还可能是青藏高原在中中新世中期开始由慢速隆升转入中速隆升变化的时限。本区从晚渐新世末期至更新世早期的环境为中-外浅海环境,在此期间,共有五次生物生产力爆炸事件(BEE1—BEE5)。BEE1和BEE2发生在早中新世早期N4带,23.2~21.5Ma期间;BEE3发生在早上新世N18—N19交界处,4.80Ma;BEE4发生在晚上新世晚期N21带,3.10~1.80Ma期间;BEE5发生在早更新世初期,1.60Ma。爆炸事件期间的生物生产力高出非爆炸事件期间平均生产力5~11倍,为原生油气藏提供了丰富的物源,给探寻原生油气田提供了重要的信息。     

Integrated biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic framework for Upper Cretaceous strata of the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, USA

Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-Maastrichtian stages) strata of the eastern US Gulf Coastal Plain represent a relatively complete section of marine to nonmarine mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. This section includes three depositional sequences which display characteristic systems tracts and distinct physical defining surfaces. The marine lithofacies are rich in calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera which can be used for biostratigraphic zonation. Integration of this zonation with the lithostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of these strata results in a framework that can be used for local and regional intrabasin correlation and potentially for global interbasin correlation. Only the synchronous maximum flooding surfaces of these depositional sequences, however, have chronostratigraphic significance. The sequence boundaries and initial flooding surfaces are diachronous, and their use for correlation can produce conflicting results. The availability of high resolution biostratigraphy is critical for global correlation of depositional sequences.     

雷州半岛南部地区晚第三纪沉积古环境演化

通过提取280号钻孔岩心中有孔虫组合的信息,对岩心中浮游和底栖两大类有孔虫的分布、底栖有孔虫的组合、特殊属种的生态及复合分异度、优势度进行分析计算,重塑了本区沉积相,为雷州半岛南部地区晚第三纪以来沉积古环境演化提供了研究资料。     

南海珠江口盆地LH-19-4-1井新近纪有孔虫生物地层研究

标准化石的末现面(LAD)被广泛用于全球性地层划分和对比,但是,只有像白垩纪与第三纪之间的撞击事件所引起的全球性生物集群绝灭(LAD)才具有全球等时间的性质。标准浮游有孔虫化石带的LAD,可能与白垩纪与第三纪之间的撞击事件所引起的LAD一样、具有全球等时面的性质,所以它可以用于全球地层的划分和对比。依据标准浮游有孔虫带的研究,南海珠江口盆地LH-19-1-1井的岩屑地层(430m-2 630m)一共识别出20个带(N_(22)-N_3)。更新世:N_(22)带(430m-620m);晚上新世:N_(21)-N_(20)带(620m-680m);早上新世:N_(19)-N_(18)带(680m-790m);晚中新世:N_(17)-N_(16)带(790m-1 139m);中中新世:N_(15)-N_8带(1 139m-1 898m);早中新世:N_7-N_4带(1 898m-2 588m);晚渐新世:N_3带(2 588m-2 630m)。它们可以和世界其他地区的地层作准确的对比。     

东海陆架浙闽沿岸泥质区不同属种底栖有孔虫对14C测年的影响及其原因初探

底栖有孔虫是浅海陆架区钻孔岩芯¹⁴C测年的良好材料,但由于其个体细小,为了获得足够的样品量,常常采用不区分属种和大小的混合壳体样品,不利于高分辨率的古环境研究。本研究选择东海陆架浙闽沿岸泥质区的两个钻孔沉积物样品,对其中不同的底栖有孔虫属种壳体化石分别进行¹⁴C测年,结果显示同一沉积物样品中不同的底栖有孔虫属种壳体化石¹⁴C年龄值存在差异,以Quinqueloculina spp.壳体¹⁴C年龄最老,其次是Ammonia comperessiuscula壳体,最年轻的分别为Elphidium spp.壳体和Bolivina cochei壳体。从底栖有孔虫的生态习性和壳体的结构特征等方面分析推测,同层位不同底栖有孔虫属种壳体年龄差异,不能简单地用它们生活时壳体和所处的微生境水体同位素交换来解释;不同属种有孔虫壳壁构造不同可能是产生壳体化石¹⁴C年龄差异的原因。建议为地质钻孔建立高分辨率年代地层挑取底栖有孔虫AMS ¹⁴C测年样品时,尽量选择相同的属种,或微生境相同、个体大小相近、壳壁厚度和壁孔大小密度近一致的类别,以降低属种不同对测年结果产生的影响,为海岸带高分辨率的古环境研究提供高精度的测年数据。

     

Deep-sea benthic foraminifera,carbonate dissolution and species diversity in Hardangerfjord,Norway: An initial assessment

This is the first record of live (stained) deep-sea benthic foraminifera in the 850 m deep silled Hardangerfjord, the second deepest fjord in Western Norway. Estimates of organic carbon flux (∼2.5 g Cm⁻² y⁻¹) show that the fjord-values are comparable to similar depths on the continental slope. Accordingly, although these first samples only provide relative abundance data, the low proportion of live to dead individuals in the top cm of the sediment suggests a low foraminifera biomass. Another similarity with the deep sea is that the abiotic environment of the deep basins is stable even though the deepest basins are isolated from the open deep sea by the continental shelf and sills in the outer parts of the fjord suggesting that the deep-sea species are introduced as propagules during deep-water renewals. There is evidence of an increase in dissolution of fragile calcareous tests (e.g., Nonionella iridea) especially in the innermost part of Hardangerfjord since the 1960s and this has led to a relative increase in dead agglutinated assemblages. The presence of larger forms with tests >1 mm provides substrata for the attachment of smaller forms and therefore an increase in species diversity. Indeed, the diversity is comparable both to that of the open deep sea and that of reported macrofauna from the same sites, reflecting similar ecological status. Holtedahl (1965) suggested that there may be some down-slope transport of sediment into the deep basins with the deposition of turbidites. Despite some evidence of transport, no major recent disturbance due to turbidite deposition seems to have occurred and hence Hardangerfjord presents a unique environment with elements of deep-sea faunas in a land-locked setting.     

山东淄博太原组有孔虫及石炭系与二叠系界线

通过对山东省淄博地区太原组小有孔虫类动物群的系统研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫11属22种及部分未定种。根据有孔 虫类化石在地层中的分布和垂向变化规律,建立了两个小有孔虫化石组合带：IBradyina-Plectogyra 组合与IITetrataxisNodosaria-Palaeotextularia 组合。通过与邻区及华中华北其它地区的有孔虫进行对比,并结合前人对本区 类化石的研究结 果,确定了各组合带的地质时代：太原组小有孔虫动物群第I组合带地质时代归为晚石炭世,第II组合带地质时代归为早二 叠世,其层位相当于山东地区太原组 类Pseudoschwagerina带之底。