番禺油田古近系珠海组储层酸化技术应用研究

砂岩基质酸化技术是油井增产有效的传统技术,但这一技术也存在问题：一是氢氟酸（HF）对黏土溶蚀的速度过快,酸液作用时间短而最终导致酸液在储层中的穿透距离短;二是氢氟酸与黏土矿物反应会产生二次沉淀而造成地层伤害。而低伤害缓速酸体系为这一技术注入了新的活力,以大量的酸化试验优选出了适合番禺油田古近系珠海组的低伤害缓速酸体系。根据现场的测试情况,采用了分层酸化工艺。现场应用效果证明所选用的酸液体系是十分成功的,这为该地区油气井的稳产、增产提供了有力的支持。     

Measurement of trace manganese (II) by the catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method is developed for the measurement of manganese (II) in water. The method is based on the catalytic effect of manganese (II) with the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO₄ using the Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA) as an activation reagent. The optimum conditions obtained are 40 mgL⁻¹ RAWL, 1×10⁻⁴molL⁻¹ KIO₄, 2×10⁻⁴ molL⁻¹ Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA), pH = 5.8, the reaction time of 3.00 min and the temperature of 20.0 °C. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method allows the measurement of manganese (II) in a range of 0–50.0 ng mL⁻¹ and with a detection limit of down to 0.158 ng mL⁻¹. The recovery efficiency in measuring the standard manganese (II) solution is in a range of 98.5%–102%, and the RSD is in a range of 0.76%–1.25%. The new method has been successfully applied to the measurement of manganese (II) in both fresh water and seawater samples with satisfying results. Moreover, few cations and anions interfere with the measurement of manganese (II). Compared with other kinetic catalytic methods and instrumental methods, the proposed method shows fairly good selectivity and sensitivity, low cost, cheapness, low detection limit and rapidity. It can be applied on boats easily.     

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates Sources on Lipids Compositions in Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrates on triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid concentrations in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six semi-purified diets with different carbohydrates (dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch, wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch, respectively), all containing a carbohydrate level of 33.5%, were fed to abalone (initial shell length: 29.98 mm±0.09 mm; initial weight. 3.42 g±0.02 g) for 24 weeks in a recirculation system. The results indicate that serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch and wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, and serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P<0.05)higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in the foot muscles were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin than those fed with wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in hepatopancreas was significantly (P<0.05) lower in abalone fed with heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C22:6n-3 in the foot muscles were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin and heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with wheat starch and potato starch.     

Measurement of Trace Manganese(Ⅱ) by the Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method is developed for the measurement of manganese (Ⅱ) in water. The method is based on the catalytic effect of manganese (Ⅱ) with the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 using the Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA) as an activation reagent. The optimum conditions obtained are 40mgL-1 RAWL, 1×10-4molL-1 KIO4, 2×10-4molL-1 Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA), pH = 5.8, the reaction time of 3.00 min and the temperature of 20.0 ℃. Under the optimum con-ditions, the proposed method allows the measurement of manganese (Ⅱ) in a range of 0-50.0ngmL-1 and with a detection limit of down to 0.158 ng mL-1. The recovery efficiency in measuring the standard manganese (Ⅱ) solution is in a range of 98.5%-102%, and the RSD is in a range of 0.76%-1.25%. The new method has been successfully applied to the measurement of manganese (Ⅱ) in both fresh water and seawater samples with satisfying results. Moreover, few cations and anions interfere with the measurement of man-ganese (Ⅱ). Compared with other kinetic catalytic methods and instrumental methods, the proposed method shows fairly good selec-tivity and sensitivity, low cost, cheapness, low detection limit and rapidity. It can be applied on boats easily.     

碱熔-阳离子交换树脂分离ICP-MS法测定厚覆盖区地球化学调查样品中硼锗溴钼锡碘钨

多目标地球化学填图是多目标区域地球化学调查中重要的区域性基础性工作之一,为了更好地反映出地球化学背景变化,要求分析方法具有更高的准确度、精密度以及更低的检出限。地球化学调查样品中的硼锗溴钼锡碘钨主要采用单独或分组熔矿的方法进行制备和测定,操作流程长且涉及6种测定方法。本文基于前人研究,对以上7种元素的分析方法进行系统总结,采用过氧化钠-氢氧化钠碱熔,分取溶液加入柠檬酸,利用阳离子交换树脂,静态交换2~3h,除去溶液中大量的阳离子减少基体干扰,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定硼锗溴钼锡碘钨含量。结果表明：7种元素的检出限分别为0.66、0.096、0.78、0.11、0.15、0.29、0.27μg/g,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=11）在2.1%~7.5%之间,均小于10%。该方法操作简便、快速,应用成本低,并且整合了相关6种分析配套方法,应用于测定厚覆盖区地球化学调查样品,精密度和准确度均满足《多目标区域地球化学调查规范（1：250000）》（DZ/T 0258-2014）要求。     

Thermal characterization of natural and synthetic humic substances

Thermogravimetric technique was used for the characterization of natural (humic) and synthetic (melanoidins) substances. The influence of pH on the thermal stability of humic substances was studied. A similarity in thermal behaviour of natural humic substances and of melanoidins (prepared from an excess of sugar) and the unique thermal properties of melanoidins (prepared from basic amino acids) was observed. Thermal behavior of natural and synthetic substances was compared with model compounds of sugar, peptide and kerogen types.     

盐度对鲈鱼稚、幼鱼发育阶段氨基酸的影响

为揭示鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)稚、幼鱼在淡化过程中氨基酸的组成及含量的变化规律,本实验在15.00、7.50及0.00共3个盐度梯度下,用氨基酸全自动分析仪对鲈鱼稚、幼鱼氨基酸的组成及含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,实验中,3个盐度组的总氨基酸含量均逐渐增加,且它们之间没有显著性差异;实验中15.00盐度的必需氨基酸总量略呈下降趋势,而7.50盐度组和0.00盐度组均呈上升趋势,3个盐度之间存在显著性差异(P0.05);除脯氨酸外,3个盐度组中其他的非必需氨基酸含量及总的非必需氨基酸含量也均无显著差异。     

矿物培养影响微生物群落的ERIC研究

从江西东乡铜矿、江西银山铅锌矿和广东云浮硫铁矿三地采集了酸性矿坑水样品,用ERIC方法(肠细菌重复内源同源序列方法)分析了经不同矿物培养后的微生物变化情况。结果发现:不同矿山酸性矿坑水样品的化学性质及其微生物组成存在很大差异,同一样品经不同矿粉培养后微生物群落也会发生比较大的变化;样品经组成相似的能源物质培养后,其微生物群落结构也越相似。确定了ERIC方法用于酸性矿坑水样品时的最佳扩增体系和反应程序。     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿评述

传统观点认为,风化壳淋积型稀土矿床（即离子吸附型稀土矿床）中,稀土主要以吸附态赋存于风化壳黏土矿物表面,其他赋存形式占比较少。但近年来的同步辐射研究显示,稀土元素也同时以内层络合物形式存在,而内层络合物的存在可能会抑制稀土元素的离子交换。如何将风化壳淋积型稀土矿中各种形态的稀土元素有效地溶出,对于提高稀土资源利用率十分重要。本文选取南岭地区风化壳淋积型稀土矿石样品,选择混合酸（五酸）消解、盐酸消解、硝酸消解、硫酸铵浸提的前处理方式,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定,探讨样品中稀土元素的溶出情况。结果表明,采用混合酸（五酸）能够溶出样品中的全相稀土;盐酸或硝酸能够溶出以离子状态吸附于黏土矿物或铁锰氧化物中的稀土元素,以及以碳酸盐、磷酸盐等形式存在的稀土元素;硫酸铵浸提则只能将离子相的稀土元素置换出来。采用硝酸、盐酸溶出的稀土量,占混合酸（五酸）消解溶出稀土量（全相稀土）的71.7%～97.5%,硫酸铵浸提溶出的稀土量（离子相稀土）最低,仅是全相稀土量的9.1%～75.5%。Sc³⁺的离子半径明显小于其他稀土元素,其提取率也明显低于其他稀土元素;铈（Ce）不同于其他稀土元素的分异-富集特性,使其在硫酸铵浸提中提取率与其他稀土元素不一致。

     

矿物-腐植酸-微生物体系对重金属吸附研究

设施农业中土壤重金属污染问题日趋严重.由于土壤中矿物、腐植酸、微生物等多相组分之间存在交互作用,重金属与土壤单组分体系中所获得的结合机制并不能真实有效地评价其在自然条件下的转化与归趋.本研究以蒙脱石(Mont)和高岭石(Kao)为辽宁蔬菜大棚及农田土壤层状硅酸盐代表矿物,选取胡敏酸(HA)为有机质代表,土著微生物革兰氏...