黔北上二叠统底部发现REY、Nb、Zr和Li等关键金属异常富集层

在黔北上二叠统底部铁铝质黏土岩、下部煤层及其顶底板炭质黏土岩中发现其富集稀土、铌、锆和锂等关键金属元素,其中铁铝质黏土岩REY、Nb、Zr和Li平均含量分别为807×10^-6、143×10^-6、1107×10^-6、375×10^-6,下部煤层及其顶底板炭质黏土岩中REY、Nb、Zr和Li平均含量为分别为555×10^-6、104×10^-6、786×10^-6、116×10^-6。显示出该区域该层位具有关键金属矿床良好的找矿前景。     

Experimental Simulation Study of the Dominant Enrichment Area of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Shallow-Delta Sedimentary System of the Yacheng Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin

Shallow-delta sedimentary systems receive both terrestrial and marine organic matter. As oil and gas exploration activities determine that the source rocks of the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, are generally rich in and even dominated by terrestrial organic matter, this has led many researchers to examine the rules governing terrestrial organic matter enrichment in shallow-delta sea sedimentary systems. However, the deep burial of source rocks in deep-water areas and the relatively small amount of drilling undertaken have greatly restricted the study of these rules. In this study, the ‘forward modeling’ research method was used to observe and analyze the deposition and preservation of terrestrial organic matter through flume experiments, where the depositional results were carefully depicted and sampled. The total organic carbon content of selected samples was measured and when combined with qualitative observations and quantitative comparison results, the dominant enrichment areas of terrestrial organic matter were identified. The experimental results show that the overbank parts of the delta front, the dune countercurrent surface, the low-lying parts, the delta front slope area and the shallow-prodelta sea area are where terrestrial organic matter is predominantly enriched. This provides an important basis and guidance for the prediction of the development areas of marine source rocks with terrestrial input in the deep-water areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

●●以下文章网络预出版（在线出版）于2022年12月20日，预计刊于《地质论评》2023年第69卷第1期(2023年1月15日发行纸质版）或2023年第69卷第2期（2023年3月15日发行纸质版）

元素富集机制的研究是重现成矿过程和查明成矿机制的基础,有助于深化对矿床的认识,为找矿提供理论依据。本文总结了近年来关于铅锌元素的迁移与沉淀机制的研究及其应用,包括3种铅锌迁移沉淀模式,4种含铅锌流体驱动模式,铅锌的迁移形式及其沉淀机制;同时简述了我国高温高压实验的发展历程以及4种高温高压模拟实验方法。重点介绍了4种高温高压实验模拟方法及其研究现状：① 高压釜实验;② 热液金刚石压腔—激光拉曼实验;③ 熔融毛细硅管—激光拉曼实验;④ 计算机模拟实验。从封闭—平衡—静止到（半）开放—非平衡—流动、淬火分析到原位观察,应是今后高温高压实验的发展方向。以地质特征为基础,采用高温高压成岩成矿模拟实验结合计算机模拟,精细刻画成矿过程并揭示元素富集机制不仅是解决实际地质问题的有效手段,更是很长一段时间内要为之努力的方向。     

贵州煤中某些金属元素异常富集研究进展

煤层能在特定的地质条件下富集多种关键金属元素,形成具有综合利用价值的“煤型关键金属矿床”,随着煤中共伴生金属元素提取技术日益成熟,研究煤中金属元素的富集与分布特征、查明具有成矿潜力的富集区具有十分重要的资源意义。本研究基于近20年以来前人发表的有关贵州煤地球化学的研究成果及作者自测数据,统计了贵州省23个主要产煤县（市）的1002个样品数据,揭示了贵州煤中Li、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U和稀土元素（REY）等关键金属元素的总体分布富集特征。研究表明,贵州煤中Li、Zr、Nb、REY等关键金属元素较为富集并具有共伴生成矿潜力的区域为黔北煤田和黔西南兴义煤田两个区域。其中,金沙、桐梓、普安等地煤中Li平均含量换算为灰基Li2O 分别为1254 μg/g、1214 μg/g和724.4 μg/g,务川和正安煤种Zr平均含量换算为灰基ZrO2分别为4749 μg/g和4168 μg/g,务川煤中Nb平均含量换算为灰基Nb2O5为484.4 μg/g,金沙、桐梓、务川及凯里煤中REY含量换算为灰基稀土氧化物REO含量分别为2175 μg/g、2429 μg/g、2875 μg/g和2604 μg/g,这些含量均超过了相应矿种的最低工业品位或文献建议的可回收利用指标。贵州煤中多种金属元素具有较高的含量背景值,尤其以黔西南兴义煤田和黔北煤田最为显著,作者建议应进一步加强对上述两个区域的煤地球研究,查清煤中微量元素的时空分布与富集规律,为煤型关键金属矿床的找矿勘查提供更可靠科学依据。贵州晚二叠世煤中异常富集的Li、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和REY等元素的富集主要受峨眉山玄武岩风化产物的供给、同沉积火山灰的混入以及成煤期后低温热液作用的影响。其中REE的富集,不仅与玄武岩风化产物有关,还可能受到长英质—中性物质输入的影响。     

江西城门山铜矿床伴生稀散金属矿化特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

江西城门山铜矿床通过开展深边部找矿勘查,发现其探明的伴生稀散金属资源量达到大型甚至超大型规模,其中碲、铊、镉、硒等稀散金属已综合回收利用,但研究程度还很低。本文收集整理城门山矿床的编录及化验资料,总结该矿床稀散金属的矿化特征和空间分布规律,并探讨稀散金属富集机理和控制因素。结果表明,城门山矿床的稀散元素多倾向于富集在似层状硫化物型矿石中,赋存状态以独立稀散金属矿物和赋存于黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿等硫化物晶格为主,具有随金属硫化物总量变化而变化的空间分带特征。矿石中的w(Cd)与w(Zn)具明显的正相关性(R^(2)=0.65),其他稀散元素的含量与Cu多呈弱正相关性。本文提出碲与铊与似层状硫化物矿石密切相关,镉的超常富集主要与锌的成矿作用有关,它们在热液流体萃取、运移、沉淀过程中元素分离相对较少,岩浆结晶分异导致热液流体中铟含量降低,铼主要赋存在辉钼矿中,与幔源物质参与密切相关。同时,还建立了城门山含稀散金属铜矿床的成矿模式。     

Determination of copper complexation in surface microlayer of Daya Bay and Jiaozhou Bay

1 INTRODUCTION Bioavailability to the biota and the biogeo-chemistry of trace metals in marine environment areaffected by their chemical speciation in the naturalsystem (Bruland et al., 1991; Van den Berg andDonat, 1992; Wells et al., 1998). Therefore, thesetwo parameters, the ligands concentrations andconditional stability constants, are important todetermine the complexing capacity. Sea surface microlayer (SML), the thin interfa-cial boundary between ocean and atmosphere, playsan imp…     

Modeling Methane Emissions from Paddy Rice Fields under Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Conditions

Methane(CH4 ) emissions from paddy rice fields substantially contribute to the dramatic increase of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.Due to great concern about climate change,it is necessary to predict the effects of the dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2 ) on CH4 emissions from paddy rice fields.CH4MOD 1.0 is the most widely validated model for simulating CH4 emissions from paddy rice fields exposed to ambient CO2(hereinafter referred to as aCO2 ).We upgraded the model to CH4MOD 2.0 b...     

对磺基苯偶氮变色酸分光光度法测定岩石样品中的氟

采用对磺基苯偶氮变色酸分光光度法对岩石样品中氟的含量进行测定。确定的最佳测定条件为:测定波长570 nm,放置2 h后测定,盐酸介质浓度0.84 mol/L,显色剂用量5.0 mL。氟离子浓度在0~1.4 mg/L时符合比尔定律,方法检出限为0.06μg/g。以岩石标准物质代替氟标准溶液制作标准曲线,可有效降低杂质元素的干扰。对国家一级标准物质和日本玄武岩标准物质6次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.37%~6.32%。     

辽河坳陷清水洼陷沙三段页岩气富集条件

受构造作用控制,辽河西部凹陷清水洼陷沙三段页岩沉降-沉积中心发生由北西向南东方向的明显迁移,表现为欠补偿沉积的半深湖-深湖相同步迁移。从湖盆中心向陆方向,清水洼陷沙三段沉积时期主要发育了深湖-半深湖-浅湖-扇三角洲等沉积类型,对应形成了从Ⅰ、Ⅱ到Ⅲ型的干酪根分布。与此对应,页岩中的石英、长石等脆性矿物含量递次增多,而黏土矿物含量逐渐减少,反映为沉积相对页岩有机地球化学条件和矿物成分的控制作用。在深大断裂控制下,页岩沉积剖面表现为向西减薄的楔形,TOC从中心处的最大值向外逐渐降低,成熟度R_o介于0.5%~2.0%,为页岩油气的形成提供了有利的富集条件。在现今埋深状态下,洼陷区页岩一般处于热成熟生油阶段,埋深较大的局部地区可达高成熟阶段,进入页岩气为主状态,形成“下气上油”的生烃格局。沙三段页岩主要处于中成岩阶段B期,出现了大量定向排列的片状伊利石。在4 000 m以深的页岩中,伊蒙混层比小于15%,发育了多种孔隙类型,伴生黄铁矿和伊利石等黏土矿物,孔隙度一般为0.7%~3.5%,8~35 nm的页岩孔隙直径所占体积最大。高精度含气量解析结果表明,双兴1井沙三段页岩含气量为1.6~5.44 m³/t,随着页岩储层成岩裂缝增加,页岩含气量不断增加。总含气量、吸附含气量与TOC具有很好的相关性,但总含气量增加速度较吸附气增量速度更大,这与有机质生油气产物关系密切,与溶解态天然气的存在也不无关系。有机质类型多样、油气共生、含气量较大且下气上油,形成了辽河清水洼陷特色的页岩气富集模式。     

Geochemistry,Paleoenvironment and Mechanism of Organic-Matter Enrichment in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin,China

To investigate the mechanism of the organic-matter enrichment in the Lower Longmaxi Formation shale, the geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC) of the Longmaxi Formation black shales in the Jiaoshiba, Zhaotong, and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. Paleoproductivity proxy parameters(Babio, Siex, and Ni/Al), clastic influx proxies(TiO_2 and Ti/Al), redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/(V+Ni), and U/Th), and hydrothermal indicators(Fe, Mn,and Y concentrations; Fe/Ti ratio and a Ni-Zn-Co diagram) were employed to decipher the paleoenvironment of the Lower Longmaxi Formation shales. TiO_2 and Ti/Al indicated low terrigenous detrital influx in all three areas. However, Babio, Siex,and Ni/Al indicated high productivity in the Jiaoshiba area. V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th indicated higher oxygen content with larger fluctuations in the Zhaotong and Weiyuan areas. Fe, Mn, and Y concentrations and the Fe/Ti ratio implied greater active hydrothermal activity in the Weiyuan area. These heterogeneities were considered to be closely related to the paleoenvironment and paleogeography, and the large basement faults that developed during the Chuanzhong paleo-uplift could have provided vents for deep-hydrothermal-fluid upwelling. The redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th) and a paleoproductivity proxy(Ni/Al) displayed a significant correlation with the TOC, suggesting that both excellent preservation conditions and high paleoproductivity were the controlling factors for the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation shale. There was no obvious correlation between the clastic influx proxy(Ti/Al) and the TOC due to the extremely low supply of terrigenous debris. The hydrothermal indicator(Fe/Ti) was negatively correlated with the TOC in the Weiyuan area, indicating that hydrothermal activity may have played a negative role in the accumulation of organic matter. This study suggests that the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation marine shale varied according to the paleogeography and sedimentary environment.