黄河上游某电站近坝滑坡稳定性研究

黄河上游某电站库首滑坡距大坝仅400多米,一旦失稳将会对大坝造成严重危害。笔者采用工程地质分析法及有限元数值模拟研究了滑坡的成因机制及应力场特征,在此基础上采用极限平衡法演算了滑坡在各种工况下的稳定状况。表明滑坡在蓄水过程中有可能产生下滑失稳。     

页岩气封存顶板变形破裂的机理与数值模拟

由于页岩气赋存机理的特殊性,页岩气成藏受保存条件及顶板类型的影响。封存顶板岩层对页岩气封盖影响极大。本文对页岩气藏封存顶板的破裂机理进行理论分析,并建立模型对顶板进行数值模拟。顶板岩层破裂与注水压力、岩石抗拉强度、地应力有关。封存顶板的破裂机理为压裂初始阶段,储层膨胀变形,封存顶板受压产生剪切裂纹,压裂液进入顶板,当注水压力小于最小主应力时,岩层发生剪切破裂,注水压力达到最小主应力和地应力之和时,岩石发生剪切破裂和张性破裂,裂缝增加并扩展,形成网状体系。数值模拟结果显示,压裂注水会在储层产生水力破坏区域,注水压力升高,水力破坏区域扩大并相互叠加影响,使得水力破坏集中于中间注水口的上部,当顶板岩层内部出现水力破坏区域时,岩石会发生破裂产生裂缝。在储层压裂的整个过程中,开始1h内,裂缝在储层内发展,顶板保持稳定,空隙水压力和变形很小,顶板岩层底部有少量裂纹。压裂2h,顶板底部裂缝增多,岩石空隙水压力上升,且顶板发生变形,中间变形最为明显。压裂3h,裂缝从顶板底部延伸到上部,岩层内部裂缝快速发育,空隙水压力持续升高,变形加大。数值模拟的结果与破裂机理的分析结果相吻合。     

PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理初探

负摩阻力问题广泛存在于桩基工程中。PCC桩（现浇混凝土薄壁管桩）技术是河海大学自主研发的新型地基加固处理技术,而目前对PCC桩负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合以往研究实心桩的成果和PCC桩自身的特点,基于太沙基固结理论,探讨了PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理。研究表明,在PCC桩内部不产生负摩阻力,可以用原有方法计算外部负摩阻力,推导出其将在今后试验进一步验证。     

河南省飞机人工增雨试验方案设计

借鉴国内外已有的探测和分析研究成果，结合国内人工增雨飞机的性能，着重介绍在催化作业和探测时，开展等半径盘旋上升（或下降）垂直观测，和在特定高度上进行水平观测的方案设计及其资料收集、处理、存档的流程。为开展人工增雨作业、观测提供科学依据。     

The experimental study of acoustic emission during creep of rocks

Under normal temperature, the creep experiments with complete samples of Gabbro and Marble rocks are made under uniaxial compression. It is found that at the instantaneous creeping stage, AE activities increase with loading; at the steady creeping stage, large AE signals may appear at lower background of AE action, andm—value which shows the relationship between AE amplitude and frequency keeps stable on the low value or decreases; at the accelerate creeping stage, AE activities increase andm—value decreases quickly or decreases again after recovery. These experimental results are related to the quality of the samples. In this paper, AE activities during three stages of creeping process are connected with the seismic patterns (for exampleb—value, foreshocks). Finally, it is pointed out the possibility that the foreshock—mainshock—aftershock earthquake sequence has been formed by the mechanism of creep fracture of crustal rocks. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 104–112, 1991. This subject is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

珠三角丘陵山区岩溶塌陷发育特征及地质模式—以广州北部为例

岩溶塌陷是珠三角岩溶区主要的地质灾害之一。本文以广州丘陵山区为研究区,利用2016~2018年1:50 000环境地质调查成果,分析岩溶塌陷发育现状和特征,研究岩溶塌陷形成地质模式,并提出防治措施建议。结果表明：广州丘陵山区累计已发生岩溶塌陷地质灾害35处,空间分布上具有集中性和反复性特征,时间分布上具有持续性和周期性特点;岩溶塌陷均为碳酸盐岩型的小型土层塌陷,以人为因素诱发为主,自然因素诱发为次,主要危害形式为建筑损坏和农田破坏;岩溶塌陷形成地质模式主要有潜蚀效应致塌,潜蚀、失托增荷和吸蚀效应叠加致塌,潜蚀和振动效应叠加致塌和潜蚀和垂直渗压效应叠加致塌等四种;从上层决策和工程技术角度提出了岩溶塌陷防治措施,为打造广州北部生态农业区和生态公园,建设美丽宜居岭南乡村提供地质科学依据。     

灌注桩后注浆单桩竖向极限承载力研究

近年来,后注浆技术得到了广泛的应用。钻孔灌注桩可大大降低建筑物的沉降,并使建筑物的沉降更加均匀,文章介绍后注浆工艺的承载力提高机理及在天津地区的几个工程实例,分析了注浆前后单桩竖向极限承载力对比情况及影响单桩竖向极限承载力的几个因素。     

Application of Lithium Isotope Geochemistry to the Study of the Continental Geothermal System

The lithium-rich brine in salt lakes is the main raw material of the world’s lithium products, while the continental geothermal fluids with a high salinity often contain a high concentration of lithium. Continental geothermal system is the focus in the study of geothermal formation mechanism. However, less attention is paid to the system due to the complexity of lithology, and the application of lithium isotopes in this field has not been systematically recognized. The newest application and progress of lithium isotope geochemistry in continental geothermal research in recent years were discussed, the problems in this field were put forward, and future research methods and directions were expected. The study of continental geothermal fluids should attach great importance to the application of Li-B-Sr-U multi-isotopic method, and should also be combined with water-rock reaction experiments under different temperature conditions. Moreover, in the future, the research on continental geothermal system should pay more attention to the various sediment/rock lithium isotopic compositions and their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics in the regional or geothermal field’s scales, mineralogy of reservoir rock, and behaviors of lithium isotopes related to the formation of secondary minerals in the process of water-rock interaction, in order to reveal the complex process of fluid evolution in the geothermal system and provide scientific reference for the exploration, exploitation and utilization of lithium resources in the system.     

新疆布尔克斯岱金矿床的构造成矿机理

文章对布尔克斯岱金矿床构造成矿进行较详细地分析，在此基础上结合地洼理论提出了布尔克斯岱金矿床的构造成矿模式：原始矿源层→矿源层→构造破碎蚀变带成矿。     

新疆伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇滑坡动力学特征研究

通过对高速远程黄土滑坡动力学特征的研究,提出黄土高速远程滑坡空间预测的模拟方法。以新疆伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇黄土滑坡为例,基于野外地质调查和无人机航拍影像图,结合滑坡研究区的工程地质条件,分析了该滑坡的基本特征和形成条件。研究发现,该滑坡的主要诱发因素是冰雪融水入渗,其孕灾模式主要为四个阶段:后缘拉裂阶段,黄土节理冻胀扩展阶段,融雪入渗失稳阶段,高速下滑阶段。同时利用Rapid模型对滑坡运动全过程进行模拟,计算得到滑坡运动持续时间为26 s,最大运动速度达到22 m/s,堆积体的平均厚度达到5 m等运动特征要素,结果表明Rapid模型可以较好的模拟分析黄土高速远程滑坡动力学效应,为黄土地区类似滑坡的成灾机理和动力学效应分析提供参考。