运输方式对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝存活率、生长、消化及抗氧化性能的影响探究

为优化马氏珠母贝苗种运输技术,提高运输效率,以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)稚贝为研究对象,分别以有水和无水两种运输方式汽运8 h条件下开展实验,比较分析其在运输前后、运输后恢复阶段的生长、消化和抗氧化性能。结果显示:有水运输后存活率达98%,无水运输97%;在恢复期第14 d,有水运输和无水运输存活率分别达97%、96%;有水运输皮质醇含量由(2 607.61±15.27)μg/L显著降低至(1 412.98±5.09)μg/L,无水运输后显著降低至(2 287.36±10.18)μg/L;在恢复期第7 d和14 d皮质醇含量均呈逐渐上升趋势;有水和无水运输后和恢复期淀粉酶活性不断上升,且有水运输酶活性高于无水运输(P<0.05),最高值为(1.43±0.05) U/mg prot;有水和无水运输后及恢复期超氧化物歧化酶酶活性在不断下降,最低下降至(16.00±0.14) U/mg prot,有水运输超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于无水运输(P<0.05);有水运输碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均上升,无水运输均下降;在恢复阶段,碱性磷酸酶活性在不断下降,谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性在不断上升。有水和无水运输会对马氏珠母贝稚贝产生不同的影响,有水运输方式相对无水运输方式可使马氏珠母贝稚贝在后期阶段具有更好的存活效果和生长状态。     

湛江港区底泥悬浮物对凡纳滨对虾仔虾成活的影响

模拟吹填、疏浚等海上施工过程所产生的底泥悬浮物浓度的变化规律,探讨不同底泥悬浮物浓度下对凡纳滨对虾仔虾成活影响。结果表明:海水中底泥悬浮物浓度超过10mg/L,持续时间超过12h时,将对凡纳滨对虾成活率产生影响,随着悬浮物实验浓度的递加,仔虾的死亡率从13.33%增至96.67%;超过80mg/L,且持续时间超过48h,将对凡纳滨对虾产生严重影响,甚至导致全部仔虾的死亡;悬浮物对凡纳滨对虾的12h、24h、36h和48h半致死量(LC50)分别为54.56、40.29、25.8和19.18mg/L。     

褐毛鲿人工繁育技术研究

褐毛鲿（Megalonibea fusca）属石首鱼科（Sciaenidea）,毛鲿鱼属（Megalonibea）,是朱元鼎等（1963）命名的新种.其为近海暖温性底层大型鱼类,具有重要的经济价值.1998年福建省水产研究所开展褐毛鲿人工繁殖和育苗在国内首获成功,二批共培育出幼鱼6.667×105尾,其中第一批平均全长为32.55 mm和37.55 mm的幼鱼共8.680×104尾,第二批全长为24.0～35.0 mm的幼鱼共5.799×105尾.对1998年褐毛鲿室内人工催产、仔稚幼鱼的培育技术、仔稚幼鱼的食性和生长发育、生态习性,以及早期发育稚鱼阶段的适盐生存下限进行了分析.褐毛鲿适宜的产卵水温为23.0～26.0℃,盐度为29～32.催产激素以DOM剂量为3.5 mg/kg和LHRH-A3剂量为4.5μg/kg混合使用效果最好.仔、稚、幼鱼培育饵料依次为牡蛎幼虫、轮虫、卤虫、桡足类,在水温为24.5～29.5℃,盐度为18～28条件下培育,25d龄鱼苗全长为19.0～26.0 mm,80%完成变态进入幼鱼期,育苗成活率达25.3%.褐毛鲿稚幼鱼适盐范围为4～38,属于广盐性种类,可在海水和咸淡水中养殖.     

盐度对星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)幼鱼摄食生长的研究(英文)

在实验室塑料水槽中,观察了不同盐度条件下星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)幼鱼(10.6±0.27g)的存活率,摄食和生长状况。结果表明:将星斑川鲽幼鱼从盐度为32的海水中直接移入低盐水中,在各个盐度下96h后存活率均为100%;经盐度驯化后42d的各组鱼成活率也为100%。盐度0,8,16组的增重率和特定生长率高于24和32组;摄食率32时最高,16时最低;饵料转化效率16时最高24时最低,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。另外实验表明低盐度有利于星斑川鲽白化病的康复。     

Spatial variation and commercial fishing of New Zealand abalone (Haliotis iris and H. australis)

The New Zealand abalone fishery produces about 1200 t annually, mostly from southern New Zealand. The fishery, based on Haliotis iris, is managed over broad management areas within which fishing intensity is spatially dispersed. The size composition of the commercial catch depends on location within a management area but is similar for divers fishing individual populations of H. iris and reflects the size composition of natural populations. For most populations, length‐frequency distributions of abalone were normally distributed: the mean shell length of H. iris was found to vary within populations over small spatial scales (100s m). The relative abundance of juvenile H. iris was low in relation to adults suggesting, at least for exposed populations, that rates of recruitment to populations of H. iris may be low. The relative abundance and mean shell length of juveniles and adults of H. australis was much less than that of H. iris. The scarcity of H. australis and the lack of separate catch quotas for the two species are factors which explain the low to zero catch of H. australis. The spatial variation in the size composition of H. iris suggests that management would be more appropriate over spatial scales which reflect local populations rather than the large spatial areas which are used to manage the New Zealand abalone fishery.     

Evidence of summer parturition in shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) sharks from New Zealand waters

A litter of eight near‐term shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque 1810) embryos is described from a 317.5 cm total length (TL) female caught off Hawke Bay, south‐east North Island, New Zealand on 5 February 1999. The embryos (3 males and 5 females) were 67.2–77.0 cm TL. Embryo length, condition, hepato‐somatic indices, and mass of yolk in their stomachs all indicate they were close to birth. This is the first shortfin mako litter reported from New Zealand and is outside the late winter‐early spring parturition period predicted from estimated embryonic and juvenile growth rates. Uterine width data from four mature non‐pregnant females and age‐0+ length‐at‐capture data suggest parturition occurs from September to late February (late winter‐mid summer) but is infrequent after January. We suggest that shortfin makos have an extended parturition period, possibly year‐round, with peak parturition occurring in late winter‐spring.     

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼同生群内不同增重性能子群间的脏器生理差异

探究引起大黄鱼幼鱼同生群内不同增重性能子群间脏器生理差异的主因, 揭示造成各子群间生存适应对策和增重机制分化的内在逻辑, 对于精选大黄鱼幼鱼优质增殖放流群体和指导大黄鱼科学高效养殖具重要现实意义。随机捞取宁波市象山西沪港海域内经板式网箱养殖3个月的3 000尾大黄鱼同生群幼鱼, 停食2d后按体质量由大到小依次分为A [体质量(3.45±0.43) g, 出现率5%]、B [体质量(2.60±0.18) g, 出现率20%]、C [体质量(2.00±0.21) g, 出现率50%]、D [体质量(1.22±0.23) g, 出现率20%]、E [体质量(0.74±0.04) g, 出现率5%]等5个子群。在测量并统计脏器比例性状(鳃系数、内脏系数、内脏净重比、鳃净重比和鳃脏比)的基础上, 较系统开展了不同增重性能子群间耗氧率、窒息点、内脏和鳃组织相关功能酶活力的差异。结果表明: (1) 鳃系数、内脏系数和日均耗氧率的显著高企(P<0.05)均可导致大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能的明显下降; (2) 耗氧昼夜节律的分化是引起大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能发生明显改变的主因, 具体表现为A、B子群的昼均耗氧率显著大于夜均耗氧率(P<0.05),以及E子群的日均耗氧率与昼均和夜均耗氧率均无显著差异(P>0.05); (3) 耗氧率性状聚类和脏器比例性状聚类分别对甄别C、E子群具良好的辨识效果; (4) 随着窒息点水中含氧量的趋势性提高, 大黄鱼幼鱼的增重性能将表露出极明显的减弱效应, 其中与E子群窒息点水中含氧量具显著差异(P<0.05)的仅为A、B子群, 呈E>A≈B; (5) 内脏消化酶和磷酸酶中, 酶活力与大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能排序吻合度最高的分别为淀粉酶和AKP,前者随增重性能增强呈趋势性增加,后者则呈A<B<C<D<E (P<0.05); ATP酶中, Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase酶活力无组间差异(P>0.05), Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase酶活力除A显著大于D、E子群(P<0.05)外, 其余子群间均无显著差异(P>0.05); (6) 鳃SOD、CAT和POD中, 酶活力与大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能排序吻合度最高的为SOD, 呈A>B>C≈D≈E, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase和Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase酶活力均呈A>B≈C>D≈E。上述研究可为大黄鱼生长性能评价体系构建和指导速生品种(品系)选择育种提供科学依据。     

略论我国鲍与牙鲆工厂化养殖设施适应性技术改造要点

针对我国鲍与牙鲆工厂化养殖普遍存在的设施配套标准差、养殖容量低、生产成本高、病害日趋严重等问题,提出了工厂化养殖设施适应性技术改造的主要技术措施要点。