海上油气田工程压裂作业船及装备配置技术探讨

用于海上油气田的压裂作业船具备高效性和安全性,具有优越的操控性能和良好的稳定性,配备了先进的船舶航行系统、动力定位系统和强大的动力系统.全船配备的压裂作业设备包括支撑剂存储装置,酸液和胶液存储装置,搅拌混合系统,各类液体和化学药剂添加系统,压裂作业泵系统,中央控制室以及数据采集系统,完备的质量控制体系,安全的作业管线和快速脱离装置.压裂作业船能连续施工作业,效率高,安全可靠.     

深海极端环境模拟装置设计

为了满足深海极端环境科学研究的需求,设计了深海极端环境模拟装置。对系统结构以及工作原理进行分析,介绍了培养釜、温度控制子系统和压力控制子系统。重点针对当前模拟装置压力控制精度不高的问题,设计了高精度压力传感器,并提出一种迭代自学习PID压力控制算法,实现系统压力自动检测和连续控制,同时带有观察窗的培养釜结构可以实现微生物状况实时观测。实验结果表明,该系统能够实现深海极端环境参量高精度模拟,可以为深海极端环境科学研究提供很好的平台。     

Dynamic response analysis of a floating mooring system

An innovative floating mooring system with two or more independent floating mooring platforms in the middle and one rigid platform on each side is proposed for improving efficiency and safety in shallow water. For this new system, most of collision energy is absorbed through the displacement of floating platforms. In order to illustrate the validity of the system, a series of model tests were conducted at a scale of 1:40. The coupled motion characteristics of the floating mooring platforms were discussed under regular and irregular waves, and the influences of wave direction and other characteristics on dynamic response of the system were analyzed. The results show that the mooring system is safest at 0° of wave incident angle, whereas the most dangerous mooring state occurs at 90° of wave incident angle. Motion responses increase with the increase of wave height, but are not linearly related to changes in wave height.     

Effect of under connected plates on the hydrodynamic efficiency of the floating breakwater

In this paper, the hydrodynamic efficiency of a floating breakwater system is experimentally studied by use of physical models. Regular waves with wide ranges of wave heights and periods are tested. The efficiency of the breakwater is presented as a function of the wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation coefficients. Different parameters affecting the breakwater efficiency are investigated, e.g. the number of the under connected vertical plates, the length of the mooring wire, and the wave length. It is found that, the transmission coefficient kt decreases with the increase of the relative breakwater width B/L, the number of plates n and the relative wire length l/h, while the reflection coefficient kr takes the opposite trend. Therefore, it is possible to achieve kt values smaller than 0.25 and kr values larger than 0.80 when B/L is larger than 0.25 for the case of l/h-1.5 and n=4. In addition, empirical equations used for estimating the transmission and reflection coefficients are developed by using the dimensionless analysis, regression analysis and measured data and verified by different theoretical and experimental results.     

Nonlinear optimization method of ship floating condition calculation in wave based on vector

Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results.     

全液压顶驱钻机背钳的设计及运动仿真分析

针对大陆科学钻探接卸钻杆进行上卸扣操作复杂繁琐、夹持稳定性差等问题,设计了一种适应于科学钻探全液压顶驱钻机的新型背钳装置。该装置具有夹持力大、对钻杆损伤小、工作性能稳定、双向浮动等特点,解决了钻进过程中频繁倒杆问题,快速完成上卸扣操作作业,极大地缩短了辅助作业时间。并利用ADAMS动力学仿真软件,对夹紧机构进行了运动仿真分析,验证了机构设计的合理性。     

江苏省流动人口城—镇—乡分布的时空分异与影响因素

以江苏省为研究区,探索了2010—2020年间流动人口在城、镇和乡（即城区、镇区和乡村3类地域类型）分布的时空分异和影响因素。研究发现：① 江苏省城和镇流动人口占常住人口的比例普遍增加,但镇的增幅明显高于城,乡的流动人口占比却在近一半的市县出现减少。② 江苏省流动人口苏南—苏中—苏北分布的梯度格局尚未发生根本性改变,苏南仍是吸引流动人口的高地,但苏中和苏北的镇对省内流动人口的吸引显著增强。③ 苏南一些乡和苏中、苏北一些镇流动人口占比有明显提升,体现了乡镇对流动人口的集聚能力。④ 模型结果显示,政府社会投入的增加有利于增强城、镇、乡对流动人口的吸引力;城镇居民恩格尔系数在城和镇对两类流动人口占比的影响有所不同;产业的影响因城、镇和乡的不同而分异：工业在城、镇、乡均为正向影响;产业结构的高级化在城镇仅对省内流动人口占比具有正向作用;农林牧渔业在乡为负向影响。     

中国流动人口多阶段流动的空间格局及变动特征——基于初次流动和当前流动的对比

基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据,运用描述统计和社区发现等方法,研究流动人口在初次流动和当前流动的空间格局及其变动特征。结果发现：1）从区域差异看,流动人口初次流动和当前流动的流出地格局保持相对稳定,流入地格局的变化主要体现在：在当前流动阶段,流入中部地区的比例下降而西部地区比例上升;流入特大城市的比例明显下降而I型大城市、中等城市和I型小城市的比例上升;流向直辖市和计划单列市的比例上升而流向副省级和省会城市的比例下降。2）从行政地级市间净迁移格局看,流动人口初次和当前流动的净迁移格局稳定性强,净迁入地区以“块状”分布于东部沿海省份的发达地市和“点状”分布于中西部省会及部分资源型和口岸型地市,净迁出地区连片分布在中西部地区的大多数地市与沿海省份的内陆地市。3）流动人口初次和当前流动以就近迁移与远程迁移交织的流迁模式为主,且由此刻画的行政地级市间迁移网络格局呈现以“胡焕庸线”为界的“东密西疏”现象;但也出现在当前流动阶段迁往京津冀的迁移流规模降低,长三角取代珠三角成为流入地首选区域的特征。4）流动人口生计策略的稳定性与人口迁移流动的空间惯性,是流动人口初次和当前流动空间格局表现出相似性的主要原因,而产业结构转型升级及在不同地市间的梯度转移是促使流动人口在流入地选择上发生变化的重要力量。     

基于城市创新力的长三角城市群高学历流动人口空间溢出效应研究

高学历流动人口作为城市创新隐性主体,是城市发展不可忽略的一股新生力量。选取2014—2018年长三角城市群26个城市中具有普通高等及以上学历的流动人口等相关数据,运用相关数理和空间模型探究高学历流动人口与城市创新能力的空间关联特征及空间溢出效应。结果表明:在长三角城市群26个城市中,高学历流动人口规模与城市创新能力呈现以上海为核心向周边城市等级扩散的“核心-边缘”格局;高学历流动人口具有高度的空间自相关性并对城市创新能力产生明显的影响,且区域创新格局复杂,两者在局部空间的集聚模式存在差异;高学历流动人口对城市创新能力存在显著的正向空间效应,且间接效应强于直接效应。     

浮床无土栽培植物控制池塘富营养化水质

采用浮床无土栽培技术,在池塘水面种植景观植物--陆生植物美人蕉(Cana generalis