2010 年夏季大连溢油事件期间北黄海漂流浮标移动轨迹的数值模拟

采用双层单向嵌套的普林斯顿大学海洋模式(POM)对2010年夏季大连溢油事件期间北黄海释放的表层漂流浮标的移动轨迹进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实测轨迹基本吻合,模拟的表层流速纬向和经向分量与观测数据的相关系数在两观测点分别达到了0.6548,0.3659和0.4836,0.3961,均明显大于95%置信区间下的显著性临界值0.1946,但是模拟的浮标移动速度明显慢于观测。模拟出的速度时间序列在变化趋势上与实测吻合良好,但是流速数值相对于观测整体上偏小。该数值模拟系统能够较准确地模拟出2010年大连溢油事件期间北黄海的流场及漂流浮标的运动趋势,为北黄海的环境预警、灾害评估等相关研究提供有益的参考。     

悬浮桩水平振动的动力刚度

通过将悬浮桩截面下土体等效为土桩,利用桩的水平振动土阻抗结果,分析了桩、土桩构成的组合桩在频率域内的动力响应,给出了黏弹性土层中黏弹性悬浮桩水平振动动力刚度的半解析解,得到了动力刚度随各种物性参数的变化曲线。在此基础上,研究了物性参数对刚度的影响,对比了细长桩和短粗桩的响应差异。结果表明,悬浮桩水平振动的动态刚度受桩长、土的软硬程度、水平激振频率等的影响,这些结果可以为工程设计提供参考依据。     

广州市城中村农民工医疗行为及其空间特征——以新凤凰村为例

运用结构式访谈和深度访谈的调查方法,以城中村的农民工为研究对象,分析其医疗行为及空间特征,并探讨其形成原因。研究发现:城中村的农民工医疗保健水平低,医疗机构的使用率低;在医疗制度不完善的背景下,农民工能动地通过各种途径解决医疗需求,形成三种类型的医疗行为模式,即"自力更生"型、"社会资本"依赖型及"经济实力"型。结合医疗机构的空间分布,农民工医疗行为的空间特征符合距离衰减规律,同时表现出明显的波动性,表现为一个跳跃式五圈层结构。本研究试图为改善农民工的健康行为模式提供科学基础,并在一定程度上补充国内城市保健地理及行为地理的研究。     

Experimental investigation on the seismic response of a steel liquid storage tank equipped with floating roof by shaking table tests

In this paper, the effectiveness of the base isolation on steel storage tanks has been investigated through numerical models and then checked by shaking table tests on a reduced scale (1:14) model of a real steel tank, typically used in petrochemical plants. In the experimental campaign the floating roof has also been taken into account. The tests have been performed on the physical model both in fixed and isolated base configurations; in particular two alternative base isolation systems have been used: high‐damping rubber bearings devices and sliding isolators with elasto‐plastic dampers. Finally, a comparison between experimental and numerical results has also been performed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Postgrouted helical piles behavior through physical modeling by FCV

Piling procedure may disturb the surrounding soil, due to the installation particularly for cast-in-place piles. It causes a reduction in the soil strength parameters and, consequently, pile capacity. To overcome shortcomings and also for improving piles’ capacity, postgrouting as a compensation method is recognized and more developed in recent years. Helical piles, those are used widely in marine and land projects, although, are driven by torque implementation, but soil disturbance is noticed, where number of the helices become up to 3 and more. In this paper, an experimental study program is performed by frustum-confined vessel (FCV) to investigate bearing capacity of model helical piles and also postgrouted cases’ performance. FCV has been used because of its linear distribution of vertical and horizontal stresses from zero at top to maximum at bottom which simulates real field stress conditions. Through experimental study, small-scale helical model piles were made of 4-mm-thick steel plate and have been used with a length of 750?mm. The shaft and helix diameters of model piles have been 32 and 89?mm, respectively. So, the helix-to-shaft ratio (wing ratio) was about 2.8. The helical model piles installed in fine-grained sand as a surrounding soil and then axial loading tests before and after grouting were performed to achieve ultimate pile capacity. Results indicated postgrouting can improve both ratios of toe and frictional soil–pile interactions including upgrading β and N_t factors. In addition, the post grouting phenomena can change the pile geometry due to treated soil bond, resulting better functioning. Therefore, it is a proper method to improve helical piles performance and compensate installation effects in capacity mobilization.     

Research on the Influence of Helical Strakes on Dynamic Response of Floating Wind Turbine Platform

The stability of platform structure is the paramount guarantee of the safe operation of the offshore floating wind turbine. The NREL 5MW floating wind turbine is established based on the OC3-Hywind Spar Buoy platform with the supplement of helical strakes for the purpose to analyze the impact of helical strakes on the dynamic response of the floating wind turbine Spar platform. The dynamic response of floating wind turbine Spar platform under wind, wave and current loading from the impact of number, height and pitch ratio of the helical strakes is analysed by the radiation and diffraction theory, the finite element method and orthogonal design method. The result reveals that the helical strakes can effectively inhibit the dynamic response of the platform but enlarge the wave exciting force; the best parameter combination is two pieces of helical strakes with the height of 15%D (D is the diameter of the platform) and the pitch ratio of 5; the height of the helical strake and its pitch ratio have significant influence on pitch response.     

基于两步移动搜寻法的居民应急避难场所可达性分析——以北京西部城区为例

从空间可达性角度研究其应急避难场所布局的合理性具有非常重要的战略意义和现实意义。本文采用基于GIS的两步移动搜寻法,以北京市海淀、丰台、石景山3个西部城区的59个街道为研究单元区,分析不同服务距离(阈值)下可达性的变化,并对现有避难场所的服务功能做出评价。结果表明:(1)海淀、丰台、石景山三城区均处于较低的应急避难服务水平。(2)3个城区应急避难场所空间分布不均,其中海淀区的应急避难场所相对较多,空间分布相对较为均匀。(3)各街道间拥有的避难资源空间差异明显,海淀街道相对富裕,丰台区宛平城地区以西则严重匮乏。     

岩锚吊车梁设计计算方法研究

通过对现有岩锚梁设计计算方法的分析,指出了设计的基本假设中存在的缺陷,在原有研究的基础上,建立了综合考虑岩壁变形、锚杆变形和岩锚吊车梁变位的岩锚吊车梁设计计算方法。同时,建议了岩壁弹性抗力系数的取值方法,并采用数值方法模拟锚杆拉拔试验,建立了岩石锚杆水平弹性刚度系数的求算公式。最后,按一般方法和改进方法针对3个不同实例分别进行了计算,并与数值计算的结果进行了对比分析。     

昆明市流动人口特征、效应及管理研究

人口流动和迁移是一种复杂的人文现象,对社会生活具有广泛的影响。研究以第五次人口普查和昆明市公安局提供的暂住人口数据为基本资料,分析了昆明市流动人口的基本特征,评价了昆明市流动人口的社会经济效应,提出了昆明市流动人力资源开发途径和管理措施。     

岩溶区漓江河流阶地建筑场地地下水抗浮设防水位的确定

地下抗浮设防水位是勘察报告中的一项重要参数,影响抗浮设防水位的因素较多。该文结合工程实例,通过对河流阶地建筑场地内可能影响抗浮设防水位的因素进行综合分析,得出：抗浮设防水位要综合考虑场地不同的工程水文地质条件、建筑条件和地形地貌条件等因素,采用最不利组合综合确定。