Modelling hydrological management for the restoration of acidified floating fens

Wetlands show a large decline in biodiversity. To protect and restore this biodiversity, many restoration projects are carried out. Hydrology in wetlands controls the chemical and biological processes and may be the most important factor regulating wetland function and development. Hydrological models may be used to simulate these processes and to evaluate management scenarios for restoration. HYDRUS2D, a combined saturated–unsaturated groundwater flow and transport model, is presented. This simulates near‐surface hydrological processes in an acidified floating fen, with the aim to evaluate the effect of hydrological restoration in terms of conditions for biodiversity. In the acidified floating fen in the nature reserve Ilperveld (The Netherlands), a trench system was dug for the purpose of creating a runoff channel for acid rainwater in wet periods and to enable circum‐neutral surface water to enter the fen in dry periods. The model is calibrated against measured conductivity values for a 5 year period. From the model simulations, it was found that lateral flow in the floating raft is limited. Furthermore, the model shows that the best management option is a combination of trenches and inundation, which gave the best soil water quality in the root zone. It is concluded that hydrological models can be used for the calculation of management scenarios in restoration projects. The combined saturated–unsaturated model concept used in this paper is able to incorporate the governing hydrological processes in the wetland root zones. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型立式浮顶储罐基础隔震数值研究

强震作用下,立式浮顶储罐破坏严重。为了降低浮顶储罐的地震响应,选取15×104m3大型立式浮顶储罐,引入基础隔震措施,并考虑浮顶的影响,应用势流体理论,采用ADINA建立有限元模型。研究在不同隔震层阻尼比、不同隔震周期、不同烈度及不同场地条件影响下,基础隔震浮顶储罐的地震响应并进行对比分析。结果表明:当隔震层阻尼比为0.2～0.3时减震效果较好,阻尼比存在合理优化区间;随着隔震周期、地震烈度的增加,基础隔震浮顶储罐的减震率增加;基础隔震浮顶储罐的减震效应受场地条件影响较大;基础隔震措施不能有效控制浮顶储罐的晃动波高。浮顶储罐隔震设计时需要综合考虑多种因素,选取最佳隔震设计参数。     

城市商业服务设施吸引力的空间相关性分析

利用武汉市出租车轨迹数据,根据服务设施的空间可达性,采用加权两步移动搜寻法计算服务设施的吸引力大小,并通过计算全局自相关指标分析服务设施吸引力在整体上的空间聚集特征,在此基础上分析服务设施吸引力的局部空间相关性。实验结果表明,武汉市服务设施吸引力整体上呈现显著的空间聚集特征,在商业繁华中心地带服务设施吸引力具有局部自相关性。     

柔性气囊助浮法拆除导管架技术研究

文中研究采用柔性气囊助浮法起升导管架的拆除技术。浅水海域浮吊进入困难并且拆除导管架的施工费用昂贵。考虑气囊产生的浮力巨大、价格便宜及连接结构方便的特点,针对即将拆除的QK18-2平台,设计气囊助浮起升导管架的技术方案。考虑水深确定导管架吃水,设计气囊与导管架的连接方式。针对导管架在位起浮状态,计算带有气囊的导管架系统幅频响应RAOs,考虑不同的海洋环境参数,计算分析风浪流作用下导管架系统6个自由度的时域运动响应,文中提出了多点系泊控制导管架运动的合理系泊方式。研究结果表明,气囊助浮法拆除导管架技术具有较高的工程实用价值,针对目标导管架平台设计的气囊助浮拆除技术方案,具有费用低、风险小及不需使用浮吊的技术优势,该项技术可以在导管架平台拆除中推广应用。     

Disparities in accessibility of public high schools,in metropolitan Baton Rouge,Louisiana 1990–2010

In this study, we use a Geographic Information System-based index to measure spatial accessibility of public high schools. The index is applied to the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Overall, urban areas had consistently worse accessibility scores compared with suburban and rural areas. High schools with more African American students tended to have poorer accessibility levels. Schools with lower accessibility tended to be associated with poorer average student performance, and the effect strengthened between 2000 and 2010. In developing a better understanding of the accessibility of public high schools, this paper reaffirms the significance of space, place, and race, and challenges the notion of declining relevance of accessibility in Louisiana public education policymaking.     

浙江某高层预应力管桩偏位和上浮处理实例分析

结合工程实例分析了预应力管桩产生偏位的原因,介绍了偏位预应力管桩的处理方法。首先测量每根管桩的桩顶偏位和上浮情况,然后对所有管桩进行低应变动测,确定桩身损伤情况及缺陷部位,最后根据管桩偏位和损伤情况采取有针对性的处理措施。工程中对上浮桩采用复打复压处理;对严重偏位且断裂桩进行补预应力管桩处理;对偏位超过规范值但桩身质量完好的桩进行纠偏扶正处理;对偏位较大且桩身有损伤的桩进行先纠偏扶正,并在管桩内芯放钢筋笼灌芯加固处理;对群桩大面积偏位损伤部分由于处理后承载力达不到设计要求需要采用补桩处理。建筑物经上述处理后的实测最大沉降仅为 9 mm,且沉降较为均匀。     

浮式钻井平台钻具卡点深度计算分析

自升式平台的转盘面相对井眼是固定不变的,而浮式平台受风浪潮涌等影响,相对井筒上下浮动,尤其是在钻具卡钻时超拉或钻具下压相当于平台载荷瞬间改变,平台会上下起伏,这样在超拉计算卡点时测量钻柱伸长量和实际卡点深度相差甚远。为了消除因平台上下浮动的影响,根据物理学原理详细阐述了浮式平台卡点深度超拉计算方法。此方法能较准确的计算出浮式平台卡钻时钻柱卡点,在计算卡点深度上有很好的借鉴意义。     

中国东部地区流动人口城市间横向迁移规律

基于中国东部地区6 个城市流动人口问卷调查,并在对已有人口迁移规律研究进行梳理的基础上,通过比较流动人口每一次迁移前一城市和后一城市的差异以及整个迁移过程中迁移速度、迁移距离、迁移城市规模、城市经济发展水平、区域路径等方面的变化趋势,分析流动人口进入城市后在城市间横向迁移的规律和特点。研究发现:东部地区流动人口城市间横向迁移不仅速度快,城市平均居留时间短,而且在多次迁移过程中迁移流向、迁移的空间轨迹方面呈现出更为复杂的特点:随着迁移次数的增加,迁移距离增加,遵循由近及远的同时回流现象明显;随着迁移次数的增加,由收入较高城市流向收入较低城市的比例以及流向中等城市的比例显著提高,不存在由大到小的递补特征;在相邻城市或相同经济区范围内多次往返迁移现象明显。     

万年闸船闸浮式系船柱槽的施工

浮式系船柱槽是万年闸船闸的重要组成部分。介绍了浮式系船柱槽的详细施工方案和质量保证措施。     

Oblique wave diffraction by a flexible floating structure in the presence of a submerged flexible structure

Expansion formulae associated with the interaction of oblique surface gravity waves with a floating flexible plate in the presence of a submerged horizontal flexible structure are derived using Green’s integral theorem in water of finite and infinite water depths. The associated Green’s functions are derived using the fundamental solution associated with the reduced wave equation. The integral forms of the Green’s functions and the velocity potentials are advantageous over the eigenfunction expansion method in situation when the roots of the dispersion relation coalesce. As an application of the expansion formulae, diffraction of oblique waves by a finite floating elastic plate in the presence of a submerged horizontal flexible membrane is investigated in water of finite depth. The accuracy of the numerical computation is demonstrated by analysing the convergence of the complex amplitude of the reflected waves and the energy relation. Effect of the submerged membrane on the diffraction of surface waves is studied by analysing the reflection and transmission coefficients for various parametric values. Further, the derivation of long wave equation under shallow water approximation is derived in a direct manner in the appendix. The concept and methodology can be easily extended to deal with acoustic wave interaction with flexible structures and related problems of mathematical physics and engineering.