圆形重力式网箱阻力性能研究

采用网箱模型试验 ,对周长 5 0 m,深 8m的 HDPE双管圆形重力式网箱 ,在不同配重、网片规格和流速条件下的阻力性能进行研究。结果表明 ,在 2 .5 kn的相对流速范围内 ,网箱的整体阻力在 75 0 0 kg以内 ;在网箱整体阻力中 ,框架及重锤阻力所占比重较小 ,而网箱箱体阻力占近90 %。不同重锤配重的网箱 ,其整体阻力与流速均呈幂函数关系 F=a Vb,网箱重锤配重增加 ,网箱阻力也随之增大 ,而重锤配重变化对网箱阻力的影响程度又随流速的增加而减小     

TAC management in North Sea flatfish fisheries

The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union adopted in 1983 is primarily focused on a science-based TAC management system with fixed national quota shares. The quality of the assessments of plaice and sole, the consistency of the scientific advice, the congruency of the management decisions, and the enforcement of the regulations are reviewed over a 15-year period. The conclusion is that there have been problems at each level, with the ultimate effect that the policy has not been able to restrict fishing mortality and that the level of overexploitation has only increased. It is argued that the present TAC system has created more problems than it has resolved. Attention is drawn to the autonomic economic developments within the fishery and to the potential for managing the fishery more effectively from the cost side rather than the profit side.     

重力式与碟形网箱的锚绳受力特性比较

针对常见的重力式、碟形和拟碟形网箱在不同下潜深度状态下的锚绳受力特性进行了试验研究.试验共设模型4组,分别在纯流、纯波以及波流联合条件下进行.测力通过系缚于锚绳底端的4个拉力传感器获得.试验结果表明水流作用力的大小在很大程度上受网箱结构形式的影响,而在波浪条件下其影响相对较小.重力式网箱的配重形式及下潜形式对网箱的受力具有重要影响.另外,网箱在波流组合条件下的受力并不是纯流及纯波单独作用下的简单叠加.最后,在综合比较网箱价格和性能的前提下,对网箱结构形式的选择进行了一些讨论,并提出若干建议.     

涡旋水流式网箱清洗设备的设计与实验

解决网箱养殖过程中网衣的清洗问题,设计涡旋式网箱清洗设备。应用伯努力方程和动量定理,对设备的水动力学参数进行了计算,通过公式推导和计算机程序模拟,设计出动力圆盘的结构参数及最佳喷水孔尺寸。通过水池模型试验,研究设备的水动力性能,制造出生产样机,并进行了海上清洗实验。结果显示,对藻类及其它附着物清洗效果良好,但对牡蛎及紫贻贝的清洗效果较差,可通过缩短清洗周期或采用其它方法来解决。     

深异形地下连续墙施工技术研究

对深异形地下连续墙施工的关键点进行了系统的研究、探讨,归纳出了深异形地连墙施工的7个关键环节。分别对这7个重点问题进行了论述,并通过工程实例,对其应用效果加以验证。     

地下连续墙“三合一结构”的施工技术

阐述了＂三合一结构＂地连墙与传统地连墙相比的优势;介绍了地连墙在作为＂三合一功能结构＂时,在技术与施工方面主要应严格控制的几个关键环节;论述了在实际工程中的应用效果和趋势远景。     

大直径竖井灌浆提升系统

安徽琅琊山抽水蓄能电站调压竖井井深70 m,外径20 m,内径18.6 m。利用吊盘、吊笼、卷扬机建立灌浆提升系统,完成井身段固结灌浆。通过优化施工方案、合理组织施工、建立完善的规章制度、加强职工职业培训、严格执行施工安全技术措施,圆满地完成了灌浆施工任务。     

Forms and Balance of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cage Culture Waters in Guangdong Province, China

In order to approach the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by cage culture and the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus during the process of cage culture, a monitoring was conducted in Daya Bay of Guangdong Province, China from April 2002 to Jane 2003. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) in the waters at the sites with five and ten years of cage culture history are 1.8 and 2.3 times of that at control site respectively. Ammonium (NH3-N) is the main form of nitrogen in spring while nitrate ( NO3 -) in winter. The concentrations of TN, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are highest in autumn. The concentration of phosphorus increases with the increasing of the culturing time, among which phosphate ( PO 34-) increases most obviously. The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) are highest in autumn. The nitrogen and phosphorus are accumulated significantly in the sediment of cage culture area. The model of N balance in the cage culture area: bait (70.62%) fry (0.28%) input by tide (14.8%) release from sediment (14.3%) = harvest of adult fish (12.07%) deposition into sediment (28.75%) output by tide (56.18%) others (3.00%). The model of P balance: bait (83.11%) fry (0.17%) input by tide (12.23%) release from sediment (4.49%) = harvest of adult fish (8.43%) deposition into sediment (48.59%) output by tide (41.94%) others (1.04%). In one fish growth year, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in harvest of adult fish are only 17.0% and 10.1% of the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in fish bait and fry, wherein 83% of nitrogen and more than 89% of phosphorus in fish bait became marine pollutants.     

Spatial modeling of environmental vulnerability of marine finfish aquaculture using GIS-based neuro-fuzzy techniques

Combining GIS with neuro-fuzzy modeling has the advantage that expert scientific knowledge in coastal aquaculture activities can be incorporated into a geospatial model to classify areas particularly vulnerable to pollutants. Data on the physical environment and its suitability for aquaculture in an Irish fjard, which is host to a number of different aquaculture activities, were derived from a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and GIS models. Subsequent incorporation into environmental vulnerability models, based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, highlighted localities particularly vulnerable to aquaculture development.The models produced an overall classification accuracy of 85.71%, with a Kappa coefficient of agreement of 81%, and were sensitive to different input parameters. A statistical comparison between vulnerability scores and nitrogen concentrations in sediment associated with salmon cages showed good correlation.Neuro-fuzzy techniques within GIS modeling classify vulnerability of coastal regions appropriately and have a role in policy decisions for aquaculture site selection.     

象山港大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)网箱养殖区及邻近海域沉积物中异养细菌生态分布

调查了投饵期(8月)和越冬期(11月)象山港大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)网箱养殖区及周围海域沉积物中有机物含量、异养细菌数量和群落结构。结果表明:养殖区沉积物(0—5cm层)中总磷、总有机氮含量在投饵期和越冬期均显著高于邻近对照海域(P0.05)。沉积物中异养细菌、弧菌数量分别在3.2×104—5.2×105 CFU/g和2.2×103—1.7×105 CFU/g之间,养殖区沉积物细菌数量大于周围邻近海域。16S r DNA法分析结果表明,研究区域投饵期的优势属均为弧菌属,越冬期为芽孢杆菌属。各采样区异养细菌的多样性表现为养殖区周围邻近区域、投饵期越冬期。异养细菌数与沉积物中TON、TP含量呈显著正相关,表明象山港大黄鱼养殖区沉积物中可培养异养细菌数可能受有机氮和磷酸盐含量的限制。研究表明,大黄鱼网箱养殖对象山港沉积物中的有机积累、异养细菌群落结构组成及多样性影响显著。