Improved method for measuring the δ15N compound-specific amino acids: Application on mesopelagic fishes in the South China Sea

Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of individual amino acids（CSIA-AA） has been widely used in ecological and biogeochemical studies. It has been proven to be powerful in tracing the diet sources and trophic interactions. However, assessing the N sources of mesopelagic fishes has been inconclusive because the mesopelagic fishes’ unique domain（water depth ranged from 0 to 1 000 m） and unresolved nitrogen isotopes of various forms. This study proposes a new method for coupling instruments（io...     

Fishes in Mangrove Prop-root Habitats of Northeastern Florida Bay: Distinct Assemblages across an Estuarine Gradient

Seasonal changes in freshwater inflow and other environmental conditions may induce changes in density and species composition of mangrove fishes along estuarine gradients. Fishes within mangrove habitats in a subtropical estuary were sampled monthly from May 1989 to May 1990, using block nets with rotenone and visual censuses. At 18 stations, temperature ranged from 22 to 34°C, depth from 10 to 104cm and underwater visibility from 1 to 13m. Salinity ranged from 0 to 60 upstream, and 35 to 54 mid- and downstream. A total of 573191 individuals (76 species) was observed or collected, with an average density of 6·5 fish m⁻². Engraulidae, Atherinidae, Poeciliidae and Cyprinodontidae numerically dominated the assemblage. Distinct assemblages occurred up-, mid- and downstream and maintained coherent groups in these gradient positions over the seasons. Residents totalled 94·5% of the individuals, estuarine transients comprised 5·1% and occasional marine visitors were less than 0·4%. Densities of resident fishes peaked in winter as temperatures and water levels fell, uncorrelated with changes in salinity. These observations suggest that mangrove habitats may sustain diverse and abundant fish communities dominated by euryhaline residents. Although estuarine transients were consistently rare in upstream sub-basins, downstream were found numerous sub-adults of species occurring as adults on nearby reefs (Lutjanidae, Haemulidae). Thus, reef-associated estuarine transients may be abundant in mangrove habitats having near-marine salinities. Contrary to expectations, mangrove habitats in northeastern Florida bay did not function as a nursery as defined under the nursery-ground paradigm: young-of-the-year juveniles of estuarine transient species did not seek low salinity sub-basins. However, northeastern Florida Bay may not be representative of most mangrove estuaries as the area: (1) is without lunar tides and related circulation; (2) has low and variable amounts of submersed vegetation; and (3) experiences severe hypersaline conditions.     

3种鲟科鱼类生活史类型的研究

根据ｒ－选择和ｋ－选择的典型特征以及通过渐近体长（Ｌ∞）、渐近体重（Ｗ∞）、生长系数（Ｋ）、初次性成熟年龄（Ｔｍ）、最大年龄（Ｔｍａｘ）、瞬时死亡率（Ｍ）和种群繁殖力（ＰＦ）等七个生态学参数值分析，可以判断３种鲟鱼类种群为典型ｋ－选择。应用平衡产量模式计算改变瞬时捕捞死亡率（Ｆ）和渔业补充年龄（Ｔｃ）时的产量变化，同样证实３种鲟科鱼类为典型的Ｋ型种群。作为渔业管理对策是严格控制捕捞强度，以保护渔业资源。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES IN THE ELIMINATION OF MICROCYSTIS BLOOM FROM DONGHU LAKE USING ENCLOSURE METHOD

The hypertrophic subtropic Donghu Lake's dense water bloom(of mainly Microcystis Anaabaena andOscillatoria)that occurred annually from the beginning of the 1970s, has disappeared since 1985. The infiuenceof planktivorous fishes (silver and bighead carps) on the water bloom was studied for three years usingthe enclosure method. The enclosures stocked densely with bighead and/or silver carp were free of waterbloom during the experimental period. The water bloom that appeared in the fish-free enclosures was completelyeliminated in 10-20 days by introduction of silver and/or bighead carp(grass carp was not effectivein controlling water bloom).This study showed clearly that grazing pressure by planktivorous fishes is a keyfactor in eliminating water bloom from the lake.     

湛江沿海鱼类补遗

增补湛江市沿海鱼类种类有51种,隶属于11目39科45属,其中软骨鱼类8种;硬骨鱼类43种,(鲈形目30种)。现知湛江市沿海鱼类有222种。     

广东海水鱼类寄生海盘虫属两新种的记述

记述了寄生于黑鲷(Sparusmacrocephalus(Basilewsdy))鳃上的海盘虫属两新种。华南海盘虫,新种Haliotremaaustrosinensesp.nov与螺旋海盘虫(HaliotremaspiraleYamaguti,1968)相比,交接器形状相似但量度有明显的差异,且已知种的交接管具有3条几丁质丝;中央大钩与联结片的形态与已知种相异,表现在:新种的2对中央大钩形态各异,背中央大钩基部不加厚,内外突发达,腹中央大钩基部加厚,内外突粗壮发达,背联结片长片状,中间有两个似驼峰状的突起,两端略尖,腹联结片弧形,中间细,两端膨大,而已知种的2对中央大钩形态相似,钩基部两边加厚,内突非常粗壮发达,背联结片较平直,腹联结片呈“V”形。大弯管海盘虫,新种Haliotremagrossecurvitubussp.nov与HaliotremakurodaiOgawa&Egusa,1978相比,交接管形状相似,但交接管的据弯度较已知种长近1倍,且新种交接器具有一台状的基座;2对中央大钩形态各异。     

Stable Nitrogen Isotopes in Fish: Literature Synthesis on the Influence of Ecotonal Coupling

Stable nitrogen isotopes have customarily been used to delineate trophic position with only infrequent regard to source variability. A compilation of literature data supports a previous tentative hypothesis that marine fish are enriched in¹⁵N relative to those inhabiting freshwaters. Estuarine and anadromous fish were also confirmed to have intermediate δ¹⁵N values depending on their respective time spent feeding in either fresh- or salt water. The use of fish δ¹⁵N as a measure of continental-marine coupling in complex coastal environments will therefore provide additional support for analyses based on the more traditionally utilized isotopes δ³⁴S or δ¹³C.     

武汉市售鱼类寄生线虫的研究

１９８６年至１９８８年，对湖北省武汉市售鱼类的寄生线虫进行了调查。检查谈水鱼类３５种共计３１５尾。发现鱼类寄生线虫２６种，包括８个未定种（４种为幼虫）。本文报道了这些线虫对武汉市售鱼类的感染情况包括寄主，寄生部倍，感染率和感染强度。     

Estimating Daily Egg Production of European Anchovy in the Adriatic Sea: A Critical Appraisal

Abstract. We discuss the critical problem of estimating daily egg production in the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM), a widely used technique for the stock assessment of multiple spawning pelagic fishes. Data collected in 1999 for the stock of European anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) in the Southern Adriatic Sea are used to study the effects of different calibration techniques. We analyze the performances of the mortality model from which daily egg production is estimated. All these calibrations are based on the Bootstrap method. Nonlinear fitting (vs. linear regression on log-transformed data) is shown to guarantee more reliable parameter estimation. We show that specifying the function assigning age to staged eggs is crucial.