武汉市售鱼类寄生线虫的研究

１９８６年至１９８８年，对湖北省武汉市售鱼类的寄生线虫进行了调查。检查谈水鱼类３５种共计３１５尾。发现鱼类寄生线虫２６种，包括８个未定种（４种为幼虫）。本文报道了这些线虫对武汉市售鱼类的感染情况包括寄主，寄生部倍，感染率和感染强度。     

广东海水鱼类寄生海盘虫属两新种的记述

记述了寄生于黑鲷(Sparusmacrocephalus(Basilewsdy))鳃上的海盘虫属两新种。华南海盘虫,新种Haliotremaaustrosinensesp.nov与螺旋海盘虫(HaliotremaspiraleYamaguti,1968)相比,交接器形状相似但量度有明显的差异,且已知种的交接管具有3条几丁质丝;中央大钩与联结片的形态与已知种相异,表现在:新种的2对中央大钩形态各异,背中央大钩基部不加厚,内外突发达,腹中央大钩基部加厚,内外突粗壮发达,背联结片长片状,中间有两个似驼峰状的突起,两端略尖,腹联结片弧形,中间细,两端膨大,而已知种的2对中央大钩形态相似,钩基部两边加厚,内突非常粗壮发达,背联结片较平直,腹联结片呈“V”形。大弯管海盘虫,新种Haliotremagrossecurvitubussp.nov与HaliotremakurodaiOgawa&Egusa,1978相比,交接管形状相似,但交接管的据弯度较已知种长近1倍,且新种交接器具有一台状的基座;2对中央大钩形态各异。     

Reproductive seasonality of the fish fauna and limnoecology of semi-arid Brazilian reservoirs

The native fish fauna commonly found in the drainage basins of rivers and reservoirs of Latin America, including those of the semi-arid Northeastern Brazil, are representatives of the Neotropical region. This work reports on the reproductive ecology of five commercially important and consumable native fish species, in relation to rainfall and hydrological variables of the semi-arid reservoirs in Brazil. Pluviometric precipitation, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity of the water were registered, and maturation of fish gonads was assessed on a monthly basis. This region is characterized with short spells of rain interspersed with long dry season and rainfall seems to be the main environmental factor which modulates the timing of the spawning period of fish. Construction of reservoirs without adequate facilities for fish migration has an adverse impact on the migratory fish species which are of commercial and ecological importance to semi-arid Northeastern Brazil.     

浅水草型湖泊除草技术的实验

滆湖位于江苏南部,面积为164km~2,是一个典型的草型湖泊,其中80X以上的面积为黄丝草(Pataraogeton maackianus)所覆盖。针对该湖水生植被中草食性鱼类喜食性水草资源逐渐衰竭,非喜食性水草群落逐渐扩张的状况,1988—1990年,进行了湖泊水草群落的定向改良试验和抑制相关水草发生和蔓延的试验。结果表明,采用生物防治,以鱼除草,无论是网拦放牧式除草技术,还是网围养殖式除草技术,对各种沉水植物都可彻底清除,而且直接将水草转化为鱼产品,并且有利于湖泊水域生态环境的改善。     

太湖常见鱼类生态学特点和增殖措施探讨

对太湖55种常见鱼类的生态学特点和种群动态等作了较全面的综合分析, 认为:鱼类的生态学特点和环境因子（包括人为因子）的综合作用是造成目前太湖在鱼类组成、种群数量上均以小型鱼类占绝对优势, 大、中型经济鱼类种群数量下降、结构低龄化的主要原因。因此, 太湖增值措施应包括:限制刀鲚发展、扶持翘嘴红鲌、鳜等名贵凶猛鱼类、加强人工放流、重点保护草上和水底部产卵鱼类、提高起捕规格等。     

福建海水养殖鱼类本尼登虫病研究

对福建海域网箱养殖鱼类本尼登虫病(Benedeniasis)进行了研究,调查发现6种本尼登虫病原,完成新本尼登虫季节感染动态和生活史的研究。研究结果表明,鱼群本尼登虫自然感染率平均52．14％,最高感染率达100％。考察结果说明福建海域网箱养殖鱼类本尼登虫的感染和流行与渔区海水温度和降雨量关系最大,福建海域在一年中的6月至10月份是网箱养殖鱼类本尼登虫病感染和流行的高峰季节。     

黄海乳山湾的鱼类

黄海乳山湾的鱼类有40科69种,以暖温性底栖鱼类为主,并以底栖生物食性的鱼为最多.本文对黄海乳山湾13种主要经济鱼类的生物学特性加以说明,乳山湾5～9月为多种经济鱼类的产卵场,应严格执行有关法规,制定禁渔期和禁鱼区以保护鱼类资源.     

1986年秋日本以南和以东海域仔稚鱼的分布

１９８６年１０～１１月在日本以南和以东海域的４１个测站进行了鱼卵、仔鱼的调查，共采集到９９６尾仔稚鱼，它们隶属于３８科６７种，经济鱼类仔鱼稀少，而大洋性发光鱼类仔鱼十分丰富，其中钻光鱼科和灯笼鱼科分别占仔鱼总数的５０．５０％和３２．３３％。优势种为细钻光鱼、串灯鱼和西明灯鱼，它们分别占仔鱼总数的２５．３０％，１６．４７％和７．５３％。仔鱼的丰度在黑潮流轴外侧边缘及其邻近的大洋域最高，在日本以南的沿岸水域占第二位，而在日本以东的混合水域最低。仔鱼丰度与温、盐度之间有显著的正相关关系。     

Trophic relationships in tidepool fish assemblages of the tropical Southwestern Atlantic

Trophic studies are fundamental to understanding the dynamics of assemblages and functional roles of species within ecosystems, contributing to the identification of factors responsible for the organization and structure of communities. This study aimed to analyse the trophic organization of tidepool fish assemblages in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic, based on the underlying idea that food resources are not limiting and that trophic guild formation is not driven by food competition. Diets were based on feeding index values of food categories for 12 representative species collected in six tidepools (20º49′ S, 40º36′ W) at quarterly intervals (2005 to 2007). The main food categories were small crustaceans, polychaetes and macroalgae. Multivariate techniques evidenced two multispecific trophic guilds: small‐prey carnivores, including Bathygobius soporator, Bathygobius geminatus, Malacoctenus delalandii and Halichoeres poeyi, and herbivores, including Sparisoma axillare and Acanthurus bahianus. Other species presented significantly different diets and were classified into the following guilds: omnivores feeding on filamentous algae and copepods (Abudefduf saxatilis); large‐prey carnivores (Labrisomus nuchipinnis); omnivores feeding on polychaetes and filamentous algae (Stegastes fuscus); and polychaete feeders (Ahlia egmontis). Gymnothorax funebris and Gymnothorax moringa were classified as carcinophagores and piscivores, respectively. Trophic organization appears related to species convergence toward the use of abundant food resources, driven by a combination of factors allowing some resource partitioning through inter‐specific differences in consumer size, microhabitat, behavior, and trophic specialization.