天津沿海风暴潮灾害概述及统计分析

经分析研究，表明天津沿海是世界上风暴潮最频发区和最严重的区域之一，风暴潮灾一年四季均有发生，除夏季有台风风暴潮灾害发生外，春、秋、冬季均有灾害性温带风暴潮发生。本文分析了天津沿海风暴潮的统计特征，概要介绍了几次严重的潮灾案例，并计算了不同重现期风暴潮和高潮位，所做工作对改善天津沿海的风暴潮预报和防潮减灾工作有所裨益。     

反映自然灾害时空分布的社交媒体有效性探讨

针对如何将社交媒体的虚拟空间上的变化与现实空间中的灾害关联起来的问题,该文基于新浪微博平台,利用台风达维和海葵受灾地区的相关微博数据,从微博的绝对和相对数量变化、台风相关关键词词频变化以及时空分析3方面论证社交媒体与现实中的台风发展进程和受灾情况的关系。综合3方面的结果来看,微博数据与台风的发展有着相当紧密的关联,甚至可以较为准确地反映台风的实时情况,证明用社交媒体数据来分析台风灾情具有一定的有效性和可行性。     

The Impacts of Three-Dimensional Surface Characteristics on Urban Heat Islands over the Diurnal Cycle

This study explores the spatial effects of two- and three-dimensional (2-D, 3-D) urban features in the formation of daytime and nighttime surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) with the help of satellite imagery and LiDAR. Spatially rectified statistical models are used to estimate parameters and understand the spatial spillover effects of urban drivers of SUHIs. In addition, nonlinear relationships among surface temperatures and urban features were included to improve the model fit. The empirical evidence from this study of Atlanta, Georgia, suggests that urban drivers of SUHIs exhibit different and contrasting effects depending on the time of day and their 3-D geometries. The study informs SUHI mitigation efforts by demonstrating that land use policies need to consider the differential effects of land use drivers over the diurnal cycle.     

德州地区冬半年大风气候特征

对德州地区1991～1995年的大民观测资料进行了分析，结果表明，该区春季大风多于冬季，风向具有明显的季节变化，日变化也较突出。还分析了该区的大风成因，认为该区微地形地锐对大风有影响。     

Effects of wave breaking on wave statistics for deep-water random wave train

The experimental studies of the breaking effects on wave statistics for deep-water random waves are presented. It is especially focused on the behavior of kurtosis of surface elevations due to wave breaking. Wave breaking suppresses the maximum limit of kurtosis of the surface elevation, although skewness depends on characteristic wave steepness. The mean instantaneous wave steepness of breaking waves defined using the zero-down-crossing method was much lower than expected from the Stokes waves.     

海湾扇贝性腺发育的生物学零度

采用数理统计的方法，对１９９１～１９９２年海湾扇贝控温促熟实验的有关数据进行分析。得到海湾扇贝在青岛地区性腺发育的生物学零度为６．６℃，产卵的有效积温为１７８．９℃。     

卫星遥感业务系统海表温度误差控制方法

提高卫星遥感海表温度的反演精度是各种反演模型追求的目标,也是遥感系统业务化应用的关键.据相关文献报道,在晴空无云的条件下遥感海表温度的精度达到了0.5℃,但考虑到影响海表温度反演精度的多种因素,在遥感业务系统真正实现SST精度在1℃以内是非常困难的.在北太平洋渔场速报制作系统中,对遥感海表温度与船测温度误差统计显示均方根误差达到5.71℃,匹配点误差分布显示存在大量较大的负误差值,最大的为-17.2℃,遥感温度图也反映出存在片状温度低值区,这些区域很可能被错误地当作冷涡或冷锋区,严重干扰渔情分析,这些异常的温度误差很难通过海表温度反演模式和云检测技术来消除.采用一种标准海表温度参考图用于温度误差控制技术,可有效地检测温度反演异常值,将均方根值从5.71℃降低到1.75℃,如果采用2℃阈值控制计算均方根值,则海表温度精度达到0.785℃.该方法基本消除了遥感海表温度的低值现象,明显提高了遥感海表温度的精度,并已成功地应用于北太平洋渔区的海况速报产品制作中.