数字化声波时差测井曲线逐点判别插值处理法

用逐点判别插值法对数字化声波时差测井曲线进行处理,以5个测点或9个测点为一组合,逐点判别,剔除非正常点,再根据界面最大时差变化率和曲线形态及非正常点的分布类型对当前非正常时差点进行插值。      

Evaluating the potential of the red edge channel for C3 (Festuca spp.) grass discrimination using Sentinel-2 and Rapid Eye satellite image data

Integrating the Red Edge channel in satellite sensors is valuable for plant species discrimination. Sentinel-2 MSI and Rapid Eye are some of the new generation satellite sensors that are characterized by finer spatial and spectral resolution, including the red edge band. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the red edge band of Sentinel-2 and Rapid Eye, for mapping festuca C3 grass using discriminant analysis and maximum likelihood classification algorithms. Spectral bands, vegetation indices and spectral bands plus vegetation indices were analysed. Results show that the integration of the red edge band improved the festuca C3 grass mapping accuracy by 5.95 and 4.76% for Sentinel-2 and Rapid Eye when the red edge bands were included and excluded in the analysis, respectively. The results demonstrate that the use of sensors with strategically positioned red edge bands, could offer information that is critical for the sustainable rangeland management.     

Supply of terrigenous organic matter from tidal flat to the marine environment: An example of neritic source rocks in the Eocene Pinghu Formation,Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

The terrigenously-dominated marine shales which were deposited in the lower Eocene Pinghu Formation were thought to be a potential source rock in the Xihu Depression of the East China Sea Shelf Basin. However, the exceptionally high total organic carbon content (TOC, >6% on average) of the tidal sand ridge samples was not compatible with their sedimentary environment, indicating coal-bearing sedimentary debris may have been transferred from the coast to the ocean. In this study, new sights into the origins and supply of organic materials in the coastal environment were proposed in the neritic organic matter of the Eocene Pinghu Formation. A discriminant model was developed using plynofacies analysis data to pinpoint the source of organic materials in marine source rocks. The discrimination results suggested that marine mudstones were associated with tidal flat mudstones rather than deltaic ones. The biomarker characteristics of mudstones deposited in various environments support this assertion, indicating that the supply of plant materials in tidal flats is the primary organic matter source for the marine environment. The organic matter abundance was elevated in tidal flats due to their superior preservation conditions. Additionally, the lithological assemblage of tidal flats suggests that tidal currents can scour marshes and then transport dispersed terrigenous organic materials to neritic areas. These findings indicate that coal-bearing sedimentary debris was likely transferred from the coast to the ocean, and tidal currents are thought to be the dominant mechanism driving organic matter from the tidal to the marine environment.     

陇东南暴雨动态统计PP预报模型

利用1960~2001年NCEP再分析格点资料、陇东南4市31站的降水实况资料、及4个代表站的15~40 cm的地温资料,用11种物理量设计了86个初选因子,将预报区域分东、南、西3片,将天气环流分4型,采用判别分析方法求得陇东南暴雨初级判别函数3个、二级判别函数12个,构成暴雨的动力统计PP预报模型。回检情况,初级预报判别在正例概括90%~93%暴雨日的情况下,排空率可达63%~68%;二级动态判别东片、南片性能较好,预报技巧基本在60%以上,其中东片辐合气流型可达80%以上,西片整体要差一些,但相对于暴雨的实际预报水平,12个函数均具有一定的参考性。用2004~2005年7月实际资料检验,模型预报技巧可达39.3%;试验运行,模型解释应用T213数值预报12 h、36 h的资料,对2005年6月30日至7月2日陇东南出现的暴雨有较好的反映,两方面都说明了模型的实用价值。     

1990-2001年黄河玛曲高寒沼泽湿地遥感动态监测

青藏高原东北部的玛曲湿地是黄河上游重要的水源涵养和补给区.为了解全球变暖背景下玛曲湿地的变化,以1990年、1994年和2001年Landsat卫星遥感影像为数据源,在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,基于影像光谱信息和地形高度构建的多维特征空间,采用多元统计学的逐步判别分析分类方法,对玛曲高寒沼泽湿地进行动态监测,并结合玛曲气象资料,初步分析了12 a来湿地变化的原因.结果表明:玛曲湿地面积1990年、2001年分别为1151.7 km²、1049.32 km²,其占全县土地面积从10.5%下降到9.5%,整体上呈明显萎缩之势,12 a间面积减少102.38 km²,平均年递减率为0.74%,其中1990-1994年时段年均萎缩速率为0.86%,明显快于1994-2001年时段(0.61%).气候暖干化是玛曲湿地萎缩的主要原因,而人类活动加剧了这一过程.     

Recognition of mineralized belts and lithologic patterns in the Silver City-South Mountain region, Idaho, in terms of geochemical reconnaissance data

It seems unreasonable to use one population to fit the distribution of an element, and then to determine a threshold to separate anomalous data from background data in an analysis of geochemical data. Statistically, anomaly, background, and other geological categories may be represented by different component populations overlapping one another. Therefore, anomaly, background, and other geological categories should be distinguished from one another by distributions rather than by thresholds. This paper uses a method of decomposition of mixtures to identify observed distributions of five elements, obtained in a geochemical reconnaissance of the Silver City-South Mountain region, Idaho, into component populations. Observations have been assigned to populations and mapped; finally, these populations have been interpreted leading to recognition of both mineralized belts and lithologic patterns.during the period in which this study was carried out.     

秦巴地区次生金异常地表含矿性判别及矿体定位估算

在分析金粒在水系中运移、落淤和在土壤中扩散动力条件的基础上,本文建立了五万分之一水系沉积物测量金异常地表含矿性的判别公式,阐述了推算异常内矿石最高金品位的方法并计算了秦巴地区的判别指数;总结出万分之一土壤测量矿致金异常的标志特征、矿体定位的估算公式及各级次地形坡度角的系数和常数。这些公式、方法,有较大的实用意义。     

Regional moments,energy levels,and a new discriminant

Teleseismic observations of explosions tend to be richer in short-period energy than are earthquakes, thus the effectiveness of them _b M _s discriminant. At regional distances the same basic separation occurs for smaller events in terms ofM _L M ₀ (Woods et al., 1993) andm _b M ₀ (Patton andWalter, 1993). While these studies demonstrate the basic differences in excitation, they suffer in practical application because of the detailed information required in the retrieval ofM ₀ . In this paper, we introduce a new method of discrimination, based on the energy strength (M _E ) from broadband regional records that appears to be effective and efficient. In this method all events are processed as earthquakes, and explosions are distinguished by their stronger energy levels relative to their long-period amplitudes. Results from 29 events recorded by TERRAscope, sampling 15 explosions from NTS and 14 earthquakes from the southwestern United States, are represented, indicating complete separation (45 data points).M _L =3.6 is the smallest event examined to date but the method can probably be extended to even smaller levels in calibrated regions.     

多层感知机分类器行为延拓线性分析及其应用

严谨的线性判别函数与判别面的理论 ,适用于线性阈值 (MP模型 )神经元分类行为分析。本文将此理论扩展到非线性 sigmoid神经元 ,分析了用来解决模式分类问题的、由 sigmoid神经元构成的单隐层 MLP(多层感知机 )的内部行为 ;并通过一系列近似推理与实验验证 ,提出了将隐层权重矢量初始值均匀地分布在权重空间的一个圆 (超球面 )上的方法。针对几个困难的分类问题的实验表明 ,该方法抓住了 MLP分类器内部行为的重要特征 ,它使 MLP分类器跨越了可能存在的学习难点 ,把学习起点放在达到目标较简便的路经上。此方法在理论上简单直接 ,应用上方便有效 ,具有一定的普遍性。