Sulfur isotopic composition of modern seafloor hydrothermal sediment and its geological significance

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｅａｒｌｙ 1 980ｓｔｏｍｉｄ 1 990ｓ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｅａｆｌｏｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ,ｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｓｏｔｏｐｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｈａｄｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｔｏｓｏｍｅｅｘｔｅｎｔ (ＺｉｅｒｅｎｂｅｒｇａｎｄＳｈａｎｋｓ ,1 988;ＢｌｕｍａｎｄＰｕｃｈｅｌ…     

华南沿海重要网箱养殖鱼类营养成分比较研究

对华南沿海重要养殖鱼类花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhynchus cinctus)、卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)、黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)、红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)、沙鲈(Psammoperca waigiensis)、紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)和美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)7种海水鱼肌肉的主要营养成分蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质组成等进行了比较研究。结果表明，这7种海水养殖鱼类蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及能量的差异较大，而肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量及其在氨基酸总量中所占的比率分别介于59．08％-78．38％、30．06％-40．43％和48．82％-53．38％之间。这7种海水养殖鱼类脂肪酸不饱和度在39．80％-54．50％之间，n-3系列不饷和脂肪酶尤其是EPA和DHA的含量较高．     

Relationship of Caspian tern foraging ecology to nesting success in the Columbia River estuary, Oregon, USA

The prevalence of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) and marine forage fishes in the diet of Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) nesting in the Columbia River estuary has been established, but the relationship between diet composition, foraging distribution, and productivity of these birds has received little attention. We used radio-telemetry and on-colony observations to relate changes in off-colony distribution to patterns of colony attendance, diet composition, and productivity of adult terns nesting on East Sand Island during two years of different river and prey conditions. Average distance from the East Sand Island colony (located in the marine zone of the estuary) was 38% (6.6 km) greater in 2000 compared to 2001, associated with lower availability of marine forage fish near East Sand Island and lower prevalence of marine prey in tern diets. Colony attendance was much lower (37.0% vs. 62.5% of daylight hours), average trip duration was 40% longer (38.9 min), and nesting success was much lower (0.57 young fledged pair⁻¹ vs. 1.40 young fledged pair⁻¹) in 2000 compared to 2001. Higher proportions of juvenile salmonids in the diet were associated with relatively high use of the freshwater zone of the estuary by radio-tagged terns, which occurred prior to chick-rearing and when out-migrating salmonid smolts were relatively abundant. Lower availability of marine prey in 2000 apparently limited Caspian tern nesting success by markedly reducing colony attendance and lengthening foraging trips by nesting terns, thereby increasing chick mortality rates from predation, exposure, and starvation.     

冲绳海槽中南部及其邻近陆架悬浮体的分布、组成和影响因子分析

初夏冲绳海槽中南部海域悬浮体含量的分布特点为:表层水体中部海区高,南北海区低;中底层水体自南西至北东由低至高.从陆架到海槽断面的悬浮体含量分布为陆架最高值区、陆坡最低值区和海槽低值区.悬浮体组成包括矿物岩石碎屑、生物骨屑以及絮凝体.矿物岩石碎屑主要分布在陆架区中、下层水体,生物骨屑主要分布在海槽区(整个水层)和陆架区上层水体,絮凝体在研究区都有分布.海槽区与陆架区的悬浮体含量垂直分布和组分特征具有明显的差异.研究区悬浮体分布和组成主要受控于黑潮对陆架物质向冲绳海槽输送的阻隔、生物生产量以及地形、地理环境.     

西施舌营养成分分析与评价

对西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)肉的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及部分微量元素等进行了分析,并对其营养价值进行了评价。结果表明:西施舌鲜肉含水量为82.31%,粗蛋白11.18%(占干基质量的63.19%),粗脂肪0.54%,灰分2.36%;西施舌蛋白质中含有18种编码氨基酸,其中含人体所需的全部8种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸的质量分数为20.93%(干基),占氨基酸总量的36.28%,谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)和甘氨酸(Gly)的质量分数较高,分别占干基的7.80%、5.57%和6.70%;高度不饱和脂肪酸C20:4(EPA)和C22:6(DHA)分别占脂肪酸总数的20.41%和10.20%;对西施舌肉营养价值评价结果显示:Gly,Asp、Glu和丙氨酸(Ala)4种呈味氨基酸占水解氨基酸总量的44.77%,占游离氨基酸总量的72.94%;氨基酸评分(SAA)和化学评分(SC)结果都显示第一限制性氨基酸是色氨酸,其SAA值和SC值分别为0.73和0.43,必需氨基酸指数(IEAA)为64.91,牛磺酸含量丰富,质量比为13 830 mg/kg(干基);西施舌含有较丰富的Fe和Zn,在其干基中的质量比分别为130.0 mg/kg和52.0 mg/kg。     

挤压膨化技术在水产饲料生产上的应用

近年来，挤压膨化技术在我国水产饲料生产上的应用和推广十分迅速，也将是今后的主要发展方向.本文就挤压膨化原理、挤压膨化过程中水产饲料营养成份的变化、原料对挤压膨化产品的影响诸方面进行探讨和阐述，并对我国目前在挤压饲料产业中所存在的问题进行了讨论.     

Binding of thorium(IV) to carboxylate, phosphate and sulfate functional groups from marine exopolymeric substances (EPS)

Th(IV) isotopes are important proxies in oceanographic investigations, and are used as tracers of particle dynamics and particulate organic matter (POC) fluxes out of the euphotic zone through the use of ²³⁴Th/POC ratios. These approaches rely on empirically determined and variable POC to ²³⁴Th ratios, which might be controlled, in parts, by the abundance of exopolymeric substances (EPS). EPS contain acidic polysaccharides (APS) and are excreted by both phytoplankton and bacteria. To this end, radiotracer experiments with EPS from microbial cultures were conducted to determine the binding environment of ²³⁴Th(IV)-binding ligands in colloids and suspended particles in marine systems. In these experiments, the ²³⁴Th distribution during isoelectric focusing (IEF) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was related to the functional group composition of EPS and of colloidal organic matter (COM) isolated from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) using cross-flow ultrafiltration. EPS was extracted from phytoplankton (Emiliania huxleyi and Synechococcus elongatus) and bacteria (Sagittula stellata and Roseobacter gallaeciensis) cultures by repeated alcohol precipitation. Phosphate and sulfate concentrations were determined using ion chromatography (IC). IEF profiles indicated that 49% to 65% of the ²³⁴Th-labeled EPS from plankton and bacteria as well as COM samples from the GOM was found concentrated below pH of 4, near an isoelectric point, pH_IEP, of about 2. The carboxylic acid maxima for extracted EPS and COM samples appeared close to the pH_IEF of ²³⁴Th(IV). The phosphate maximum appeared at the same pH_IEF as ²³⁴Th(IV) for EPS from R. gallaeciensis and S. elongatus. The sulfate maximum was found at the same pH_IEF as ²³⁴Th(IV) for EPS from S. elongatus and COM. The molecular weight (MW) of the strongly Th(IV)-binding ligand varied from 1 to 14 kDa, depending on the species, but was about 10 kDa in COM. Thus, depending on the species of plankton or bacteria, the MW and specific functional group composition of the strongly ²³⁴Th(IV)-binding amphiphilic biomolecule can vary. Therefore, different acidic functional groups can, at times, contribute to the binding of Th(IV) to the EPS chelating ligand, which can also have different MWs. This implies that the binding environment for Th(IV), which is present at total concentrations at least a million times lower than the acid functional groups, consists of strong polydentate chelate complexes in clustered structures of carboxylate, sulfates and/or phosphates. The combination of strongly chelating groups and amphiphilicity gives this biomolecule the unique properties of a “sticky” ligand.     

海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸--n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸研究概况

本文从海鱼鱼卵的脂肪酸组成及各种脂肪酸被利用的顺序、n- 3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸 (n-3HUFA)对海水仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响、乳化油强化轮虫和卤虫饵料的重要性、几种海水仔稚鱼对n- 3HUFA的需要量、DHA和 EPA对海水仔稚鱼不同的生理作用、海水仔稚鱼活饵料和微粒饲料中DHA与 EPA比例的重要性、n- 3HUFA含量与海水比目鱼非正常色素沉着的关系、乳化油和微粒饲料中 n- 3HUFA不同的分子结构形式等方面系统综述了海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸—— n- 3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸的国内外研究进展。旨在学习、借鉴国外的研究成果和经验 ,深入开展我国海水仔稚鱼的营养研究。