ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES IN THE FIRST RAINING SEASON (APRIL-JUNE) IN SOUTHERN CHINA AND SST OVER OFFSHORE WATERS IN CHINA

Precipitation anomalies in the first raining season of southern China were analyzed, with the suggestion that there are obvious interannual variation of peak values. In the raining season, the general tendency of precipitation is not obvious and the anomalous oscillation is multi-scale. Corresponding to years of more or less precipitation in the raining season, there are sharply opposite distribution across the nation in the simultaneous periods. In addition, by studying the distribution of correlation between anomalous precipitation in southern China in the first raining season and SSTA over offshore waters of China in the preceding period (June ~ August of the previous year), a sensitive zone of waters has been found that has steady effect on the precipitation of southern China in the season. Discussions are also made of the sensitive period, its simultaneous SSTA and subsequent anomalous circulation field in relation to precipitation anomalies and simultaneous circulation field in the first raining season of southern China. In the last part of the work, relationship between the SSTA in the sensitive zone and global SSTA is analyzed. A possible mechanism by which SSTA in offshore Chinese waters affects the precipitation anomalies in the first raining season of southern China is put forward.     

适合于复杂地表条件下静校正处理技术

在复杂地表条件的地区，如沼泽、丘陵、沙漠、戈壁滩及山前破碎带，因地表起伏和表层结构横向变化大，反射波传播路径发生畸变，而造成时距曲线畸变，无法很好成像，笔者根据理论研究和实际处理过程，总结了一套适合复杂地表条件的初至模型静校正、扩大面元组合静校正和相关法自动剩余校正循环迭代的处理方法。通过实际处理，得到了良好的效果。     

用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波

首先用小波变换对原始炮点记录进行分解，然后用小波通道作为初至拾取的输入，拾取时，使用了能量比方法，该方法主要利用记录道在初至波前后能量的差异，在此基础上，综合考虑时窗，相位，能量和过零点等多种因素，成功地切除了初至波，实际资料处理结果表明，本方法具有适应噪声能力强，计算速度快，操作简便，初至和切除准确等特点。     

Unusual N—Alkane Distributions in Extracts from Marine Carbonate Rocks at High Levels of Maturity and Overmaturity

N-alkanes in extracts from possible carbonate source rocks of the Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the central gas field of the Shanganning Basin and the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Weiyuan gas field of the Sichuan Basin, are characterized by bimodal distributions with the dominant carbon numbers in the range C₁₇-C₂₁ and C₂₅-C₂₉. In most samples, the lower carbon number components are present in greater abundance than the higher carbon number ones. Most samples contain significant concentrations of waxy hydrocarbons (C₂₂₊) with C_21-/C₂₂₊ ratios between 0.50 to 3. 16, and an average value of 1. 34. The n-alkanes in extracts of outcrops and shallow core samples of Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rocks in the western and southern parts of the North China Basin are of unimodal distributions dominated by n-alkanes maximizing in the C₂₅-C₂₉ range. These extracts have very high concentrations of waxy hydrocarbons with C_21-/C₂₂₊ ratios all < 1. 0, ranging from 0. 14 to 0. 90 and averaging 0. 36. All of the extracts have a marked odd/even predominance in the high molecular weight n-alkane range regardless of whether they are from shallow or deep cores or out-crop samples. Simulation experiments were performed using typical sapropelic-type kerogens from the immature Sinian Lower Xiamalin Formation carbonate-rich shales collected at Jixian, Hebei Province, North China Basin, and the contemporary microplanktonic blue-green algaeSpirulina subsala. Results indicate that the unusual distribution of n-alkanes in the extracts of Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rocks possibly originated from algae in the source rocks at high levels of maturity and overmaturity. This research project was financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-111 ).     

HIV感染地域类型探讨——以中国某地区为例

HIV感染途径不同，使HIV感染对一般人群的威胁产生差异，因而衡量HIV感染流行程度时必须考虑HIV感染途径。选择性传播感染率、静脉吸毒人群感染率和孕妇感染率3项指标来衡量HIV感染流行程度，结合HIV感染途径对一般人群的威胁程度差别，这3项指标对衡量HIV感染流行程度的作用为：孕妇感染率＞性传播感染率＞静脉吸毒人群感染率。综合3项指标的划分标准，从理论上把HIV感染流行程度划分为18个，并用此方法将中国某地区HIV感染流行程度划分出高流行地域、次高流行地域、中度流行地域和低流行地域4个HIV感染地域类型，最后探讨了这4个地域类型的特点和成因。     

底层带支撑异型柱框架抗震分析初探

本文在底层带支撑异型柱框架模型试验研究基础上，按抗震分析需要，对结构抗震性能问题、模型问题、填充墙刚度问题等进行了初步研究。简述了抗震分析方法，提出了供抗震设计参考的建议。     

有机岩石学在油气勘探中应用的现状和发展

本文评述了有机岩石学在研究有机成熟度、有机质类型、生烃组分和成烃作用、烃类排出运移和聚集等方面的现状和发展方向。有机成熟度评价中镜质体反射率抑制、固体沥青反射率所反映的热成熟度等问题已基本解决，难点在于下古生界高过成熟烃源岩成熟度评价。沉积有机质显微组分类已基本统一。尚未有明确认识的关键问题是无定形有机质和矿物沥青基质特征和分类，这影响到有机质类型有机岩石学评价准确性。我国石油部门一直采用透射光干酪根显微组分定量评价有机质类型，建立反光下全岩和干酪根光片显微组分鉴定和类型评价标准显得十分迫切。烃源岩生烃组分和成烃作用有机岩石学剖析为沉积盆地有机质演化和烃类形成提供了最直观和准确的认识。对烃类流体包裹体和固体沥青显微特征的分析为油气藏形成演化史提供了重要信息。     

生物标志物地球化学的新进展

生物标志物地球化学是７０年代以来迅速发展起来的分支学科。它通过分析生物标志物的化学组成及构型转化来研究沉积有机质的演化及沉积矿产特别是石油的成因。本文以我国东部油田下第三系生油岩及原油中生物标志物的分布为例，简介了它们为油气勘探提供有关有机质来源、沉积环境、成熟度、油气运移及生物降解等多方面信息的重要作用及其新的进展。     

西昆仑山北坡陆台盖层型元古宇的基本特征

根据西昆仑山北坡收集的地层、古生物及少量古地磁、同位素年龄等资料作了深入研究,将以往误定的下古生界及震旦系重新定为3个系(长城系,蓟县系,青白口系)、7个组(卡拉克尔组,拉依勒克组,布卡吐维组:博查特塔格组,苏玛兰组;玉沙斯组,阿其克巴西组),并确认为塔里木地台的第一盖层.     

一种推荐讨论的保护体系——柔性地下层和滑动摩擦的综合体系(英文)

本文提出一种柔性地下层和一个滑动摩擦表面相结合的新隔震体系供大家讨论。从分析上看,它比单纯的基础滑动和柔性首层的体系有明显优越性。对这种体系,我们推导了相应的数值计数方法并给出了初步计算实例。其结果表明,这种体系对减轻结构在地震中的反应是十分有效的。进一步的分析、试验和试建看来定有益的。