松辽外围东部盆地群下白垩统烃源岩沉积特征与生烃潜力分析

松辽外围东部盆地群位于中国东北地区的东部,研究区内共有39个中小规模沉积盆地,总面积约52×104 km2.在总结东部盆地群烃源岩沉积特征的基础上,通过对三江、勃利、通化及红庙子等盆地下白垩统烃源岩有机地球化学综合分析,查明了研究区下白垩统主力烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质成熟度以及有机质类型等指标特征、分布规律,并分析了影...     

利用三角高程代替一等跨河水准的可行性研究

从三角高程测量的计算公式出发,提出了保证测量精度的一些有效措施,从理论上论证了在一定条件下,用三角高程测量可以达到一等水准测量的精度要求。然后在工程实践中分别用两种测量方法进行施测,并进行平差改正与精度分析,结果表明:只要采取一定的措施,用三角高程代替一等跨河水准测量,不仅能保证测量精度,而且可以提高工作效率。     

广富林遗存在上海地区的首次发现及其古环境意义

上海松江广富林遗址1999年重新发掘,在发掘中首次发现了类似豫东王油坊类型的文化———广富林遗存文化。本次采集了广富林遗址05SGIT1240探方样品,进行孢粉、藻类研究。根据孢粉、藻类成分特征,划分出了3个孢粉组合带,恢复了当时的古植被和古环境,并对广富林遗存先人生存环境、农耕发展作了探析,为环太湖地区文化发展及文化变迁提供了十分珍贵的新资料。     

Application of integrated vitrinite reflectance and FAMM analyses for thermal maturity assessment of the northeastern Malay Basin,offshore Vietnam: Implications for petroleum prospectivity evaluation

Several exploration wells have intersected a Cenozoic coal-bearing, fluvial-deltaic mudstone and sandstone succession in the northeastern Vietnamese part of the Malay Basin, and have successfully tested seismically identified direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs). The oil and gas/condensate discovery well 46-CN-1x encountered a ∼55 m thick section of lacustrine mudstones having considerable potential as an oil source. Vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements from these alginite-bearing rocks introduce several problems in thermal maturity evaluation, including associated VR suppression and delineation of cavings and bitumens. Reliable thermal maturity gradients, however, may be established using a combination of conventional VR measurements and ‘equivalent VR’ (EqVR) values derived from the fluorescence alteration of multiple macerals (FAMM) technique. These measurements, performed on dispersed organic matter (DOM) in cuttings from 46-CN-1x, allow separation of low-reflecting bitumens and vitrinite in cavings from indigenous vitrinite and the FAMM results indicate VR suppression of 0.14% in an alginite-bearing mudstone with a high Hydrogen Index value. On the basis of available ‘raw’ VR data, a highly irregular maturity trend is determined, with the deepest sample (2675–2680 m) having a VR of ∼0.4%R_o. The EqVR value, however, for the deepest sample is 0.70%. The maturity trend determined from the FAMM data (and VR data, omitting samples having suppressed VR) indicates that the top of the oil window (VR of 0.75%R_o) is located at about 2800 m depth. Modelling the geothermal gradient using the EASY%R_o algorithm yields ∼40 °C/km for both of the two maturity profiles; this is in the low end of the range for the Malay Basin. Modelled temperature histories indicate onset of hydrocarbon generation for the uppermost Oligocene source rocks between 2 Ma and present-day, which post-dates trap formation. Seismic facies patterns suggest that lacustrine oil-prone units are in the oil window in the same graben complex a few km NW of the investigated well, and these rocks are likely to be the source of the hydrocarbons found in the well. A more widespread occurrence of hydrocarbons sourced from this kitchen is indicated by other discoveries and mapping of DHIs in the area.     

Reproductive biology of Ilisha elongata (Teleostei: Pristigasteridae) in Ariake Sound,Japan: Implications for estuarine fish conservation in Asia

Elongate ilisha (Ilisha enlongata) is a commercially important species that contributes to clupeoid fisheries in Asian countries. In the present study, the reproductive biology of I. elongata in Ariake Sound, Japan is determined for the first time. Six maturity stages were described using ovarian and testicular histology throughout the annual cycle. The spawning season in Ariake Sound lasts from May to July, with peak spawning activity in May and June. Age at first maturity was estimated to be 2 years, with a few exceptions of 1 year in well-developed males. Ovaries that contained both tertiary yolk oocytes and postovulatory follicles occurred from late May to late July, indicating that I. elongata is a multiple spawner. The size–frequency distribution of oocytes provided evidence for its multiple spawning and accuracy of the fecundity estimates. The batch fecundity of this species was estimated at between 22,200 and 270,900 eggs per individual, increasing with age between two and six years. The present findings on the reproductive strategy of I. elongata in Ariake Sound are generally consistent with those in temperate or subtropical populations, but quite different from those of tropical population where first maturation occurs around 200 days and life spans are shorter, with a maximum age less than 3 years. The conservation implications of this reproductive strategy in a harsh, variable environment in Asian countries are also discussed.     

栉江珧第1卵裂抑制型雌核发育二倍体人工诱导的研究

利用6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(60 mg/L;6-DMAP)抑制第一卵裂,成功诱导出栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)雌核发育二倍体.研究结果表明在培养温度为24℃的条件下,受精后60 min用质量浓度为60 mg/L的6-DMAP处理栉江珧受精卵15 min进行雌核发育二倍体的诱导效果理想,D形幼虫发生率和诱导率分别为14.7%和22.7%.细胞学观察显示,6-DMAP阻止了纺锤体的形成和染色体的移动,导致一个融合的二倍性雌性原核的形成.本研究结果首次提供了栉江珧雌核发育二倍体的细胞学证据.     

烟台第一海水浴场沙源匮乏型海滩地貌和表层沉积物粒度特征

在烟台第一海水浴场,利用经纬仪进行2条海滩横剖面形态测量,并在不同地貌单元采集沉积物样品进行粒度分析。测量显示,该海滩仅有小规模沙坝和沟槽体系。后滨上有风成沉积,但滩肩和海岸沙丘发育均不明显。粒度分析结果表明,海滩沉积物以中砂、粗砂为主,杂以砾或细砂,比山东半岛其他海滩沉积物明显要粗。由陆向海沉积物呈带状分布,平均高潮线附近和沙坝迎水坡侵蚀作用均显著。因此认为缺乏沙源供应的基岩岬湾式海岸是导致沙滩地貌发育不典型、海滩侵蚀作用显著的主要原因。     

太康隆起和周口坳陷上古生界煤系烃源岩地球化学特征

通过岩石热解和有机地球化学资料,对太康隆起和周口坳陷的有机质类型、有机质丰度和有机质成熟度综合分析.结果认为,研究区有机质丰度以煤岩最好,暗色泥岩以南部的襄城、谭庄-沈丘和倪丘集为中等-好级别,北部的太康隆起和鹿邑凹陷为差-中等烃源岩;太康隆起上古生界和襄城凹陷太原组为Ⅱ型干酪根,其他地区则为典型的腐殖型(Ⅲ型)干酪根;成熟度总体上呈“北高南低“,并以济源-郑州-太康-鹿邑一线为高-过成熟演化区,生气为主,南部的襄城、谭庄-沈丘和倪丘集处于成熟生油阶段.     

有机岩石学在油气勘探中的应用

有机岩石学是在煤岩学和孢粉学基础上发展起来的一门学科，在油气勘探和评价中已成为一种重要的研究手段。综述了有机岩石学在显微组分分类、有机质成熟度、有机质丰度、类型、成烃作用和烃类生成、运移和聚集方面的进展，讨论了流体包裹体、储层沥青在油藏地球化学方面确定油气水界面、成藏期方面的应用。提出了有机岩石学在油气勘探中的发展方向。     

Geochemistry and geological significance of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks in the Lower Yangtze region

The Lower Yangtze region is one of the important marine sedimentation areas of oil and gas distribution in southern China,for its favorable source rocks,reservoirs and covers.However,the intense tectonic movements and complex hydrocarbon generation process made it highly impossible to form large-sized oil and gas reservoirs.So it was divided to different hydrocarbon-bearing preservation units in oil-gas exploration.Recent study shows that the Permian and Lower Triassic source rocks in the Lower Yangtze region are complicated in lithology.The hydrocarbon generation potential of limestone there is low while argillaceous source rocks are overall of high abundance with excellent organic types,now in the process of hydrocarbon generation,so differences in high maturity influence the evaluation of organic matter abundance and type.Biomarker characteristics indicate a reductive environment.n-alkanes are marked by a single peak,with no odd-even predominance.The composition and distribution of the carbon numbers of n-alkanes,and the high abundance of long-chain tricyclic terpanes are indicative of marine sedi-mentation.The high contents of pregnane,homopregnane,rearranged hopane suggest that the source rocks are of high maturity.There is a good linear correlation between methylphenanthrene index and vitrinite reflectance.The correlation of oil-source rocks indicated that the oil of Well HT-3 may come from the Permian Longtan Formation in the Huangqiao area,the oil of Wells Rong-2 and Juping-1 came from the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation in the Jurong area.The exploration here is promising in those different source rocks which all have great potential in hy-drocarbon generating,and oil and gas were produced in the late stage of hydrocarbon generation.