福建永安石林地貌的现代生物喀斯特侵蚀营力

本文以永安石林为例，阐述分析了石林地貌的现代生物喀斯特侵蚀现象的类型及形态特征。结果表明，地表及地下的生物喀斯特侵蚀营力是石林现代侵蚀过程的主要因素，石林表面的大部分均有微生物覆盖并起侵蚀作用，形成明显的微观及超微溶蚀形态，石林表面的溶蚀作用性质不同于传统认识。对石林地貌发育提出了新的思考。     

宝顶石刻区污染地下水对造像岩体的破坏作用

污染地下水渗入大佛湾摩岩造像群，在石刻表面积聚可溶盐，加剧了石刻的侵蚀破坏，其中尤以泥质细粒长石砂岩风化剥落最为严重。研究渗水病害对石刻保护有重要意义。     

若干特殊地表风蚀的风洞实验研究

经风洞模拟实验,本文对四种特殊地表在净风和挟沙风情况下的风蚀特性,进行了定量的研究。揭示了原始地表结构受人为破坏后,其抗风蚀能力急剧降低的特点。探讨了风成沙粒配、戈壁风蚀平衡与风蚀有关的几个问题。     

江苏北部开敞淤泥质海岸的侵蚀过程及防护

开敞淤泥质海岸是淤泥质海岸的主要类型，其自然演变过程，主要受沿海河流泥沙供应条件的制约，一旦泥沙供应消失，海岸往往进入不可逆转的侵蚀过程。江苏北部淤泥质海岸的侵蚀过程，起自１８５５年黄河入海口北归利津入海以后，主要是在近岸破波对岸滩物质的冲刷和潮流的输移扩散作用下进行的。通过对淤泥质海岸动力和沉积物性质的认识和概化，对海岸侵蚀过程作出定量模拟，并对该地区海岸防护工程作出评价和讨论。     

南京梁代石刻微侵蚀的研究

从地貌学角度较系统地分析了梁代石灰岩石刻表面自然毁损的微侵蚀机制，本文指出，雨水沿缝合线渗流，经多种地衣及兰藻、绿藻等生物作用而大大加强了溶蚀作用，导致石刻的崩解，并讨论此种特殊微侵蚀形态的形成机制在地貌学理论研究中的意义。     

Chronology of Sanbagawa metamorphism

By collating age data based on the fossil age of the protoliths, radiometric dating of the metamorphic minerals, and sedimentary records of erosion at the earth's surface, the history of the Sanbagawa metamorphism can be summarized as follows. (1) The pre-metamorphic sedimentary rocks (Carboniferous-Jurassic + Early Cretaceous?) became mixed and formed a thickened packet in the vicinity of an ancient trench through a variety of subduction-related tectono-sedimentary processes, probably in Early Cretaceous time (c., 130-120 Ma). (2) The subducted protoliths underwent progressive metamorphism reaching a maximum depth of c. 30 km in late Early Cretaceous time (c. 116 ± 10 Ma). (3) The high-P/T metamorphic rocks began to rise toward the surface (during the interval 110-50 Ma) with minimum estimates for the average cooling rate around 9-12°C/Ma and an average uplift rate around 0.4-0.5 mm/year. (4) Finally, at some stage after reaching the erosional surface, the high-P/T metamorphic rocks were covered unconformably by the middle Eocene (c. 50-42 Ma) Kuma Group. On the basis of the present chronological summary of the Sanbagawa metamorphism, the areal extent of the Sanbagawa metamorphism is also discussed with respect to the weakly metamorphosed subduction-accretion complex of the next tectonic belt to the south, the Northern Chichibu belt.     

Sediment budgeting: A case study in the Katiorin drainage basin,Kenya

The primary objective of this study was to compute a detailed budget for a small semiarid tropical drainage basin in Kenya. Results indicated that transfer of sediments (‘inputs’) from primary source areas was minor in comparison to changes in storage. The major sediment source area within the Katiorin drainage basin was the colluvial hillslope zone. The net change in storage within this zone was approximately 2100 Mg yr^?1. Surface wash and rilling were the dominant transport processes responsible for the remobilization of colluvial sediments. Sediment storage within the in-channel reservoir increased by 60 Mg yr^?1, which was minor when compared to the total store of sediment in this reservoir. During 1986, the channel network stored only a small fraction ( < 3 per cent) of the sediment delivered from the hillslope subsystem. Therefore, the in-channel reservoir had limited influence on sediment conveyance to the basin outlet. These data indicate that a static equilibrium condition cannot be assumed within the Katiorin drainage basin. Such an assumption would result in erosion estimates of approximately 5.5 mm yr^?1 for the entire basin (based on a sediment output of 7430 Mg km^?2 yr^?1 and a measured bulk density of 1.35 Mg m^?3). However, this masked the actual rates of 1.2 to 7.1 mm yr^?1 in subbasin primary source areas, and rates of 0.6 to 17 mm yr^?1 for colluvial material in the various subbasins. The extreme accelerated erosion rates resulted from minimal ground vegetation, steep slopes, soil crust formation, an erodible substrate, and a well-integrated drainage network for rapid conveyance of sediments from the hillslope subsystem to the basin outlet.     

TWO－DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR STUDYING EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION OF A WANDERING STRETCH IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER

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Karst terranes and environmental aspects

Karst is a complex geological phenomenon that relates to terranes composed of limestone, dolomites, gypsum, halite, or other soluble rocks. Protection of groundwater in karst against pollution is needed because of the high velocity of its flow (several hundreds of thousands of meters per day) and where polluted materials are carried without being filtered. Protection of karstic aquifers against pathogens and rapidly degradable chemicals is carried out for the catchment areas with an estimated delay time of 60 days and for a distance of more than 30 m. Tracer methods have recently become quite useful in karst regions; a tracer may respond as a multiimpulse because of different flow lines, flow velocities, and water aquifers. Therefore, if a total water balance has to be established, nearly all answer-back impulses should be considered.