煤矿区地质环境与地质灾害遥感集成监测系统的关键技术

面向“数字矿山”应用系统的需要,在分析煤矿区地质环境和地质灾害特点及其在遥感监测理论依据的基础上,提出了煤矿区地质环境与地质灾害遥感集成监测系统的技术思路和体系结构,强调各种监测技术手段、不同时空尺度、不同数据源和不同主题信息的集成,并针对这一集成系统实现与应用中的多目标遥感信息处理、环境传感器网络应用、遥感监测数据与专题分析模型的集成、数据质量控制等关键问题进行了探讨。     

空间合作目标交会对接光学测量研究

随着人类探索太空活动的深入,空间交会对接技术(RVD)发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文在介绍国外交会对接测量技术最新研究现状的基础上,研究了交会对接光学成像测量系统的原理和测量算法,并分析了光学成像测量系统设计中的几个关键技术,其测量有效性和测量精度直接关系到交会对接任务的成功与否,最后讨论了未来交会对接技术的发展方向。     

基于微电子系统（MEMS）加速度地震勘探三分量数字检波器简介

基于微电子机械系统（MEMS）制成的微加速度三分量数字地震检波器。集数据采集、处理及传输功能干一体，在结构模型、工作原理、性能指标控制等方面不同于常规检波器，其信号幅值在低于自然频率范围内没有衰减。因其独特的制造技术，MEMS检波器具有超低噪声，大动态范围和极高的向量保真度性能。     

探测地雷技术研究综述

高敏感度、高可靠度、低花费传感器是全自动或半自动探雷机器人的首要和绝对的选择。当前,有许多技术能够被选来综合使用以满足上述的要求。金属探测器是一种传统的、成熟可靠的探测技术。但是,现在多种地雷含有少量的金属或者不包含任何金属,造成了用金属探测器探雷的困难。目前迫切需要研究发展新颖的探测技术以消除100万颗地雷对许多国家的影响。     

CFRP对砖墙抗震加固对比试验研究与计算分析

结合一工程实践的需要，通过5片碳纤维布加固的新建墙体在周期反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了碳纤维布加固对砌体结构抗震性能的影响，以及砌砌体在碳纤维布加固后的受力特性，比较了不同加固方案对砖砌体加固效果的影响，在此基础上讨论了对碳纤维布加固砖墙抗剪承载力计算模型，并提出了简化计算公式。     

Simulation and measurement of surface shear stress over isolated and closely spaced transverse dunes in a wind tunnel

Topographic interactions generate multidirectional and unsteady air?ow that limits the application of velocity pro?le approaches for estimating sediment transport over dunes. Results are presented from a series of wind tunnel simulations using Irwin‐type surface‐mounted pressure sensors to measure shear stress variability directly at the surface over both isolated and closely spaced sharp‐crested model dunes. Findings complement existing theories on secondary air?ow effects on stoss transport dynamics and provide new information on the in?uence of lee‐side air?ow patterns on dune morphodynamics. For all speeds investigated, turbulent unsteadiness at the dune toe indicates a greater, more variable surface shear, despite a signi?cant drop in time‐averaged measurements of streamwise shear stress at this location. This effect is believed suf?cient to inhibit sediment deposition at the toe and may be responsible for documented intermittency in sand transport in the toe region. On the stoss slope, streamline compression and ?ow acceleration cause an increase in ?ow steadiness and shear stress to a maximum at the crest that is double that at the toe of the isolated dune and 60–70 per cent greater than at ?ow reattachment on the lower stoss of closely spaced dunes. Streamwise ?ow accelerations, rather than turbulence, have greater in?uence on stress generation on the stoss and this effect increases with stoss slope distance and with incident wind speed. Reversed ?ow within the separation cell generates signi?cant surface shear (30–40 per cent of maximum values) for both spacings. This supports ?eld studies that suggest reversed ?ow is competent enough to return sediment to the dune directly or in a de?ected direction. High variability in shear at reattachment indicates impact of a turbulent shear layer that, despite low values of time‐averaged streamwise stress in this region, would inhibit sediment accumulation. Downwind of reattachment, shear stress and ?ow steadiness increase within 6 h (h = dune height) of reattachment and approach upwind values by 25 h. A distance of at least 30 h is suggested for full boundary layer recovery, which is comparable to ?uvial estimates. The Irwin sensor used in this study provides a reliable means to measure skin friction force responsible for sand transport and its robust, simple, and cost‐effective design shows promise for validating these ?ndings in natural dune settings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

星载加速度传感器的在轨运动影响

加速度传感器测量卫星所受非引力加速度的精度是利用该技术精确恢复重力场的重要指标。根据卫星运动理论 ,给出了轨道升交点赤经摄动、近升距摄动、卫星运动、坐标轴旋转引起的加速度性质以及相应表达式。针对CHAMP卫星轨道 ,讨论了各项的影响量级     

时频测控技术的发展

目前，在所有的物理量中时间与频率标准的物理实现具有最高的准确度和稳定度，它们的发展不但在计量技术中，而且在几乎整个高科技领域中起着十分重要的作用。这方面的发展一直受到发达国家的高度重视。根据近年来与国外同行的技术交流和了解的情况，对时频测控技术的发展和影响等作了介绍。