断层对顶板稳定性影响相似模拟试验研究

通过相似模拟试验方法分析了不同倾向高角度正断层, 在采动影响下顶板岩体变形破坏和矿压分布规律。结果表明, 在采动影响下断层“活化”,断层带及其影响范围内的岩体破碎, 表现为周期断裂步距小, 冒落带高, 尤其是断层下盘, 顶板稳定性差; 当工作面开采到离断层面22.5~ 30 m时, 直到断层位置的前方煤体中支承压力增大, 煤体被压碎, 且随着距断层面距离的缩小, 支承压力的峰值位置向工作面前方转移; 通过断层后, 顶板岩体中支承压力减小, 比无断层存在的情况要低。      

采场工作面顶板突水的渗流场分析

应用东北大学岩石破裂与失稳研究中心(CRISR)自主开发的F-RFPA2D渗流与应力耦合分析系统,对煤层顶板随着开采的逐步进行,采动裂隙逐渐向上发展并最终与含水层连通,进而发生顶板突水的全过程进行了数值模拟,直观地显示了煤层顶板的变形、破坏过程以及渗流场在整个岩体的运移过程及其突水前后渗流场的变化情况,从而较好地揭示了顶板突水过程。      

Investigating model performance and parameter sensitivity for runoff simulation across multiple events for a large green roof

Green roofs are a form of green infrastructure aimed at retaining or slowing the movement of precipitation as stormwater runoff to sewer systems. To determine total runoff versus retention from green roofs, researchers and practitioners alike employ hydrologic models that are calibrated to one or more observed events. However, questions still remain regarding how event size may impact parameter sensitivity, how best to constrain initial soil moisture (ISM), and whether limited observations (i.e., a single event) can be used within a calibration-validation framework. We explored these questions by applying the storm water management model to simulate a large green roof located in Syracuse, NY. We found that model performance was very high (e.g., Nash Sutcliffe efficiency index > 0.8 and Kling-Gupta efficiency index > 0.8) for many events. We initially compared model performance across two parameterizations of ISM. For some events, we found similar performance when ISM was varied versus set to zero; for others, varying ISM yielded higher performance as well as greater water balance closure. Within a calibration-validation framework, we found that calibrating to larger events tended to produce moderate to high performance for other non-calibration events. However, very small storms were notoriously difficult to simulate, regardless of calibration event size, as these events are likely fully retained on the roof. Using regional sensitivity analysis, we confirmed that only a subset of model parameters was sensitive across 16 events. Interestingly, many parameters were sensitive regardless of event size, though some parameters were more sensitive when simulating smaller events. This emphasizes that storm size likely influences parameter sensitivity. Overall, we show that while calibrating to a single event can achieve high performance, exploring simulations across multiple events can yield important insight regarding the hydrologic performance of green roofs that can be used to guide the gathering of in situ properties and observations for refining model frameworks.     

基于改进RANSAC算法的复杂建筑物屋顶点云分割

屋顶模型重建影响到建筑物完整模型重建质量,屋顶面点云分割质量对屋顶模型重建具有重要意义。针对传统RANSAC算法在屋顶点云面片分割时易产生错分割、过分割等问题,本文顾及点云位置信息,提出一种对点云重新分配的改进RANSAC点云分割算法。算法暂时剔除非平面内点,选取平面内点集中3个点作为初始样本,平面拟合判定邻域是否有效,从有效邻域中选取标准差值最小的3个点为初始模型。利用RANSAC算法对屋顶点云进行分割。利用K近邻算法统计误分类点与面片的距离降低误分类,优化过分割面片并进行连通性分析,利用距离及法向量一致性检验的方法重分配非平面内点。为验证本文算法有效性,选取芬兰Helsinki地区的3栋相互独立的复杂建筑物屋顶以及上海某小区的6栋建筑物群屋顶作为实验数据。在2组数据中,本文提出的改进RANSAC算法分割屋顶面片的平均准确率分别为92.17%、87.82%,78%的建筑物屋顶不存在过分割。在第2组数据中,所有分割面片上的点与其对应的最佳拟合平面的距离的标准差的平均值为0.030 m。实验结果表明,本文算法分割建筑物屋顶面片的准确率较高,较好的抑制了过分割现象,且抗噪能力强。     

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in intertidal flat surface sediments from coastal zone of Jiangsu Province,China

Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) from intertidal flat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g(dry wt). Total hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) levels varied from 0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of( p, p'-DDD+ p, p'-DDE)/ p, p '-DDT and o, p ′-DDT/ p, p ′-DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p, p ′-DDD, and p, p ′-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.     

一种求解地下结构顶板频率和振型的方法

采用欧拉梁横向自由振动理论,发展了一种求解浅埋地下结构顶板频率和振型的方法。鉴于地下结构顶板频率求解问题的复杂性,首先将该问题假定为平面应变问题求解,推导出浅埋地下结构项板梁的自由振动方程;然后根据顶板梁的边界条件,得到了顶板梁的频率方程,从而得出了顶板梁的频率和振型;进一步得出了墙体转动刚度对顶板频率影响的规律,即转动刚度对顶板低频影响较小,对高频影响较大。还综合考虑土体刚度随埋深的变化和由于土体成拱引起的土体附加质量的变化,研究了结构顶板频率随埋深的变化。这些结果可以为地下结构的动力计算提供参考。     

Roof model recommendation for complex buildings based on combination rules and symmetry features in footprints

Currently, very few roof shape information for complex buildings is available on OSM. Moreover, additional data requirements (e.g. 3D point clouds) limit the applicability of many roof reconstruction approaches. To mitigate this issue, we propose an approach to roof shape recommendations for complex buildings by exploring the inherited characteristics of building footprints: the disclosure of rectangles combinations in a partition of footprints and the symmetrical features of footprints. First, it decomposes a complex footprint into rectangles by using an advanced minimal non-overlapping cover algorithm. Second, a graph-based symmetry detection algorithm is proposed to identify all the symmetrical sub-clusters in partitions. Then, a set of selection rules are defined to rank partitions, and the best ones are chosen for roof shape recommendation. Finally, a set of combination rules and a symmetry rule are defined. It enables to evaluate the probability of a footprint being a certain combination of roof shapes. Experimental results show the growth of the probability of correctly recommending roof shapes for single rectangles and buildings from a prior probability of 17–45% and from a prior probability of 0.29–14.3%, removing 60% and 93% of the incorrect roof shape options, respectively.     

一种结构化的三维建筑房顶分类与识别方法

房顶是三维建筑的重要组成部分,房顶结构的识别是三维建筑综合算法实现和进行城市建筑空间分布模式分析的基础。分析了建筑房顶结构特点,提出了一种三维建筑分类的实用方法,针对不同房顶类型设计了相应的结构化表达方法,在此基础上提出了三维建筑房顶面信息提取算法,并进一步实现了房顶类型的识别。实验证明,该方法识别的准确性较高,能够满足进一步应用的需求。     

煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度探测研究——以黑龙江省双鸭山双阳煤矿为例

煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度是煤矿设计部门在留设防、隔水煤柱时必须考虑的一个重要参数,对煤矿水体下采煤、顶板防治水具有重要意义。基于双阳煤矿水文地质补充勘探项目,在8#煤层采空区上方施工两个地面钻孔,采用地面钻孔钻井液漏失量实测法、钻孔电视摄像技术及传统经验公式法相结合的方法,综合确定8#煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度为43.7~45.7m,为地质条件相似矿区在合理确定开采上限、留设防（隔）水煤柱等问题提供方法和数据支持。     

小高层结构屋顶保温层TMD减震分析

提出了利用小高层结构屋顶保温层和铅芯橡胶支座作为TMD装置来达到减震的设想。通过SAP2000有限元软件利用动力时程分析方法对其减震效果进行了分析。结果表明,该屋顶保温层TMD装置可有效降低结构的动力响应,其中控制后结构的楼层位移和楼层加速度的平均值降低了约20%,层间位移平均值降低了30%左右,层间剪力平均值减小了约20%~30%。利用小高层结构屋顶保温层和橡胶支座作为结构的减震控制系统具有一定的可行性和实用性。