对《河南西峡白垩纪蛋化石》一书的几点商榷

《河南西峡白垩纪蛋化石》一书的核心 ,是弃用按地层规范正式命名又被广泛应用于河南省的高沟组、马家村组及寺沟组地层单位名称 ,恢复使用河南省地质局石油队 1960年创名、后在1961年自己又废弃的走马岗组、赵营组及六爷庙组 ① 。西峡盆地并不是“南北两翼地层对称”的“一个完整的向斜盆地” ,由此 ,导致了该书作者对地层划分及沉积相等分析的“失误”。《河南西峡白垩纪蛋化石》 ,实质上主要讨论了地层 ,又喧宾夺主地用大量文不对题的篇幅描述了广东、山东、湖南等地的蛋化石。     

Field measurements of emission of nitric oxide from fertilized and unfertilized forest soils in Sweden

Application of nitrate fertilizers on two types of forest soils led to a marked increase in the NO emission rate indicating a large potential for NO production in these soils. The largest fluxes on the fertilized plots were up to 60 ng NO–N m^–2 s^–1. About 0.35% of the applied nitrogen was lost as NO within about 14 days after fertilization. The fluxes from the unfertilized forest soils were in the range 0.1 to 0.8 ng NO–N m^–2 s^–1 with a median value of 0.3 ng NO–N m^–2 s^–1. If this value, obtained during June and August to September, is representative for the growing season (150 days), it corresponds to an annual emission of 0.04 kg NO–N ha^–1. This is about 30% of the value obtained for an unfertilized agricultural soil. Because of the large areas occupied by forests in Sweden the flux of NO from forest soils represents a significant contribution to the total flux of NO from soils in Sweden.Earlier observations of equilibrium concentrations for NO have been verified. These were found to range from 0.2 to 2 ppbv for an unfertilized forest soil and up to 170 ppbv for a fertilized soil. At the rural site in Sweden where these measurements were performed the ambient concentrations where found to be less than this equilibrium concentration, and consequently there was generally a net emission of NO.There are still large uncertainties about the global flux of NO from soils. Using direct measurements on three different types of ecosystems and estimates based on a qualitative discussion for the remaining land areas, a global natural source for NO of the order of 1 Tg N a^–1 was obtained. If 0.35% of the total annual production of fertilizer nitrogen is lost as NO, fertilization of soils may contribute with 20% to the natural flux from soils.     

Embryonic development and intracapsular feeding in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda: Muricidae)

Spawning, phases of embryonic development, intracapsular feeding mechanism and development mode of banded murex Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) were examined using specimens from the Aegean Sea. In addition, the numbers and characteristics of non‐viable nurse eggs during different phases were examined in relation to the development phases of viable embryos. Females spawned between 59 and 162 egg capsules containing 306.76 ± 50.74 eggs. Trochophore larvae first appeared on the 15th day after spawning. Nurse egg consumption began on the 17th day after spawning when the embryos reached the early veliger stage. In the beginning, veligers consumed the nurse eggs by mechanically disintegrating them with velar cilia movement. From the 18th day after spawning, embryos began to consume whole nurse eggs, although mechanical disintegration continued until hatching. Viable embryos consumed the most developed nurse eggs first. The average number of nurse eggs consumed per embryo was 24.67 by the end of the intracapsular period. The average number of hatchlings was 11.95 ± 3.81 per capsule with 1321.48 ± 133.1 μm shell length. According to our observations H. trunculus shows dispersal polymorphism, with most of the hatchlings completing metamorphosis after a short planktonic non‐feeding period (up to 2 days), while others metamorphose prior to hatching. Planktonic hatchlings had both foot and well developed four‐lobed velum and minimum 1 3/4 whorls. Both hatchling types could be seen in the capsule mass from the same female.     

Resting Stages of Crustaceans in the Crimean Hypersaline Lakes(Ukraine) and Their Ecological Role

正1 Introduction A presence of resting stages in various aquatic organisms is a long-known phenomenon as a mechanism of species adaptation to exist in unstable aquatic habitats,surviving adverse conditions in the"sleeping"state(Radzikowski,2013).Bank of resting stages of planktonic organisms is an important component of the plankton community,without which we cannot understand community dynamics(Brendonck and De Meester,2003).     

浙江天台晚白垩世蛋化石生物地层研究

晚白垩世天台盆地产有丰富的恐龙蛋化石和恐龙骨骼,目前发现17处化石点,分布于街头镇、平桥镇、白鹤镇、坦头镇、屯桥乡以及县城-国清寺-下朱村一带,面积约为230 km2.特别在城关北侧三角区内,面积仅有15 km2,却是天台县化石点集中区域.这些恐龙蛋化石为原地埋藏,产于上白垩统两头塘组和赤城山组.本文初步描述7种类型恐龙蛋化石:天台长形蛋(新种)Elongatoolithus tiantaiensis sp. nov.、国清寺树枝蛋(新种) Dendroolithus guoqingsiensis sp. nov.、张氏巨型长形蛋(新种)Macroelongatoolithus zhangi sp. nov.、张头槽圆形蛋(新种) Spheroolithus zhangtoucaoensis sp. nov.、石嘴湾副圆形蛋(相似种) Paraspheroolithus cf. shizuiwanensis、树枝树枝蛋(相似种)Dendroolithus cf. dendriticus、椭圆形蛋(未定种) Ovaloolithus sp. .     

河南浙川滔河盆地“红层”划分及时代

滔河盆地位于豫－鄂两省北毗邻地区,盆内沉积了一套１６００ｍ左右的粗碎屑岩系,根据恐龙蛋,恐龙,轮藻化石和岩性特征,划分为高沟组马家村组,寺沟组,时代归属于晚白垩世,其时代的厘定,为我省众多的中,新生代“红层”的研究与矿产预测,无疑提供了十分重要的材料。     

豫西南晚白垩世红层时代厘定及其意义

研究区位于豫、鄂、陕三省相邻地带,在秦岭造山带后造山阶段构造体制转换过程中,形成了李官桥、滔河、西峡、夏馆、五里川、召北等一系列近于平行的断陷盆地,盆地内分别沉积了１０００～４０００ｍ的陆相碎屑沉积。根据恐龙蛋、轮藻、孢粉、介形类及一定数量的恐龙骨骼化石、同位素年龄等,将盆地内红层的时代归属为晚白垩世,并对每一盆地红层进一步作了详细划分。