高强高性能混凝土损伤的细观数值演化

在细观层次上,混凝土可以被看作由水泥基、分散粒子和界面过渡层组成的三相复合材料。首先,基于骨料分布和形态的随机特性,将瓦拉文公式推广应用于确定二维混凝土试件截面凸多边形骨料分布,提出圆形骨料模型中以圆骨料的面积为控制参数,以圆内接多边形为基架的凸多边形随机骨料算法。进而以C80高强高性能混凝土为例,对数值试样进行单轴受压的数值模拟,得到相应的应力-应变曲线和损伤演化图。数值模拟结果与物理试验结果对比表明本文提出的数值模型合理可行。     

岩石损伤软化的修正本构模型

利用服从Weibull分布的岩石微元强度表示方法,基于Drucker-Prager破坏准则,通过引入损伤变量的修正系数,利用应力-应变关系曲线峰值点处的应力、应变确定Weibull分布参数的关系式,建立不同围压下的损伤软化本构模型。该模型参数较少且易于确定,其参数的确定方法揭示了模型参数的物理意义。与前人的研究成果进行对比分析,结果表明该模型比未修正前有着明显的优越性,且与实测结果吻合较好,分析结果显示出该模型的合理性。     

近海大气环境下钢框架自振频率评估研究

由于沿海地区的钢结构建筑常暴露在露天,不可避免地受到大气环境的腐蚀。本文在材料力学和结构分析的基础上,研究沿海地区钢框架结构自振频率的变化,进而对结构在近海大气环境下存在的潜在损伤进行评估。基于工字形与箱形截面,提出结构自振频率与结构构件厚度变化的关系式,并分别考虑构件内外表面腐蚀的影响。以一榀钢框架结构为例,分析其在腐蚀5、10、20年后结构前10阶自振频率的变化。分析结果表明,随着腐蚀程度的增加,结构自振频率降低的越大。研究成果可为锈蚀钢框架损伤评估提供一定的参考依据。     

直接基于位移设计的高强钢组合K形偏心支撑钢框架的抗震性能研究

K形高强钢组合偏心支撑(K-HSS-EBF)是指耗能连梁和支撑采用Q345钢,而框架梁、框架柱采用高强度钢(如Q460)。为研究其在罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能,在试验研究的基础上,采用直接基于位移的抗震设计方法设计了5层、8层和12层算例,分别进行静力推覆分析和动力弹塑性分析,研究高强钢组合偏心支撑钢框架在罕遇地震作用下层间侧移分布和破坏模式。研究结果表明:直接基于位移的抗震设计方法设计的算例在罕遇地震作用下,结构的层间侧移满足我国现行抗震规范的要求,结构呈理想的渐进式梁铰屈服机构,并证明该设计方法的合理性和可靠性。     

2014年新疆于田Ms7．3地震房屋震害分析

对于田2014年2月12日Ms7．3地震灾区各类房屋破坏现象进行了调查和整理,从房屋破坏、场地条件和房屋结构类型等几方面分析不同类型房屋的震害特征和震害原因,总结这次地震房屋的震害经验,提出今后抗震设防工作的几点建议。     

Benzo[a]pyrene modulates the biotransformation,DNA damage and cortisol level of red sea bream challenged with lipopolysaccharide

In animals, biotransformation and the immune system interact with each other, however, knowledge of the toxic mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on these two systems is not well known. The present study investigated the toxic effects of BaP on the biotransformation system, cortisol level and DNA integrity of red sea bream (Pagrus major). The results showed that cortisol level was induced under the challenge of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Short-term exposure (96 h) of BaP at environmental concentration significantly increased the cortisol level, hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A1 mRNA expression. When P. major was exposed to BaP for 14 d followed by LPS challenge this increased the cortisol level, EROD activity and hepatic DNA damage except CYP1A1 mRNA expression. Combined with our previous data, which showed that BaP exposure can modulate the immunologic response in P. major challenged with LPS, a hypothetical adverse outcome pathway of BaP on fish was suggested.     

Analysis of damage data of low-rise buildings subjected to a shallow Mw6.3 earthquake

In May 2008 a shallow M_w6.3 earthquake struck South Iceland with an epicentre close to two small towns. Nearly 5000 low-rise residential buildings were affected. The recorded maximum PGA was 0.88 g. A great deal of damage occurred, but there was no loss of life. In Iceland all buildings are registered in a detailed official database and insurance against natural disasters is obligatory. As the repair costs for every affected building had to be assessed for insurance purposes this provided an unusual opportunity to review structural performance across the whole population of buildings in the affected area. The estimated repair cost was classified in a number of subcategories covering structural and non-structural damage for five different residential building typologies. Study of these buildings showed that non-structural damage dominated the overall damage. The main monetary damage was cosmetic damage of partition walls and flooring. The structural systems performed quite well and no buildings collapsed.     

Study of damage to a high concrete dam subjected to underwater shock waves

To study the effect of a strong underwater shock wave on a concrete dam, this research aims to improve hammer impact methods in model tests. Six 1:200 scale models were designed and tested under distributed impact loads. A device was deployed for a direct measurement of the impact force at the upstream face of the dams. The model dam bases were anchored to prevent displacement. The experimental results indicate that the top part of the concrete dam is a weak zone, and the impact failure initiates with a fracture on the top of the dam. The peak value of impact stress increases when the second crack appears in the concrete dam from the upstream face to the downstream face. And, the level of the second crack in the dam body is lower as the peak value of impact stress increases. In this study, dynamic analysis was conducted by calculating the results to verify the effectiveness of a device to directly measure the impact force. This method may be used to approximately forecast the damage of concrete dam and may also be useful in other engineering applications.     

砂岩的高温损伤与模量分析

通过定义砂岩试样压缩破坏过程的4个阶段模量,对高温（25℃～1 000℃）后砂岩压缩破坏的应力-应变全过程进行定量研究。分析砂岩高温后的模量特征和超声特性,并基于压缩模量定义高温作用后砂岩试样的热损伤因子,对不同温度作用后的砂岩试样进行损伤分析,发现高温后砂岩压缩破坏具有明显的阶段性特征;4个阶段的阶段模量随温度的变化规律各有不同;压密模量与纵波波速具有很强的相关性;基于压密模量定义的高温后砂岩试样热损伤因子避开了基于纵波波速定义方法,未考虑温度对密度和泊松比影响的缺陷,更具科学性;25～200 ℃温度区间内砂岩试样热损伤对温度最敏感。研究成果对高温环境岩石工程具有一定的指导意义。     

走滑断层位错作用下城市地铁隧道损伤分析

为了能够较快速、较准确地估计出穿越活断层城市地铁隧道的抗震薄弱部位,基于拟静力弹塑性有限元方法,以北京地铁7号线工程的区间隧道作为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法研究了在走滑断层位错作用下地铁隧道的非线性反应。通过在数值计算模型中嵌入合理的损伤塑性本构模型,利用损伤指标研究了走滑断层下衬砌结构的破坏形式,重点分析了结构损伤的开始部位、发展过程以及最终的损伤程度,并建立了能够估计结构损伤范围及破坏最严重位置的统计关系式。结果表明,在走滑断层作用下衬砌结构出现损伤的区域主要发生在活断层附近一定范围内,拱腰部位的损伤最为严重;增加基岩上覆土层厚度能够减轻衬砌结构的破坏程度,当基岩上覆土层厚度大于等于临界覆盖土层厚度时可以不考虑走滑断层断裂对于浅埋隧道的影响。衬砌结构损伤区域长度与震级的大小和土层厚度有关,损伤最严重的位置随土层厚度的变化而改变。研究成果为穿越活断层地铁隧道的抗震设计和安全性评价提供了参考依据。