盈江5.8级地震震害特点分析及讨论

2011年3月10日12点58分,云南省盈江县发生了5.8级地震,造成25人死亡,314人受伤(其中重伤134人),直接经济损失23.8亿元。本文根据地震现场调查资料,阐述了地震受灾区的环境及其地质构造背景,分析了场地效应及断层效应,对震害特点进行了较为全面的分析总结。     

湖南省农村房屋安全性现状统计分析

本文汇总了湖南省农村房屋的安全性等级情况资料,从房屋的建造年代、结构形式、各年代所建房屋的危房率以及居民的住房质量、安全意识与房屋抗震性能的对比几个方面进行了房屋安全性状况统计分析.结合房屋典型损坏现象,分析了此次调查中房屋的损坏特征,总结了各种结构形式容易出现的问题.根据房屋典型损坏现象分析和安全性等级情况统计,得出了以下结论:湖南省农村生土结构和木结构房屋的安全性现状不容乐观;有关部门应制定一套适合农村的结构设计规范,并通过培训等方法解决农村房屋设计和施工问题;部分存在潜在严重地质灾害的地区和大山深处的房屋已无改造、新建的意义,最好整体搬迁.     

煤田井温测量与煤层一、二级热害区的圈定

目前国内煤田地质勘探中垂直深度达1200～1500m,部分省区采煤深度也达到了1000m,地层温度都比较高。一般情况下,一级热害区可以通过通风可以达到降温的效果,而二级热害区就必须在井底进行人工制冷,才能确保工人的生命安全。以陶乐南部勘查区测量井温为例,确定了该区恒温带的深度为60m,温度为14.55℃,并将96.0%作为孔底温度校正系数,计算出各简易测温钻井孔底的校正温度及平均地温校正系数;据此计算平均地温梯度和煤层底板温度。依据煤层底板深度与温度作出的井温等值线,圈定煤层一级热害区（地温达到31～37℃）与二级热害区（地温大于37℃）的分布范围并计算其面积：该勘查区9-1煤层底板一级热害区0.46km2;二级热害区6.05km2。     

镉和汞两种重金属离子对四角蛤蜊血细胞DNA损伤的初步研究

利用彗星电泳技术,研究了不同胁迫浓度和胁迫时间下,Cd2+和Hg2+对四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)血细胞DNA损伤的情况.研究结果显示,50、100和200μg/L Cd2+胁迫14天不能造成四角蛤蜊血细胞DNA损伤.10、20和40μg/L Hg2+胁迫均能明显损伤血细胞DNA,并且DNA损伤程...     

基于小波变换的海洋平台损伤检测研究

当结构物产生损伤时,结构的动力特性会发生变化,从而引起结构振动响应产生相应的变化。小波变换是奇异性信号的良好检测工具,可以用于识别结构损伤的发生。建立了某海洋平台有限元模型,得到了随机海浪作用下不同损伤工况的结构振动响应。基于小波变换损伤检测,针对不同类型杆件损伤、不同位置杆件损伤、不同程度的噪声污染以及不同方向振动响应信号情况下,分别研究了海洋平台结构的损伤检测问题,得到了一些有用的结论。     

玉林市早稻空秕率与抽穗后气象条件的关系探析

利用2008-2018年玉林市农业气象试验站定位稻田实验观测数据,对早稻空秕率与抽穗后各气象因子的关系进行了相关分析。结果表明,抽穗-乳熟期间的降水量是影响早稻结实率的最主要气象因子,强降水会显著增加空壳率;空秕率与抽穗后-成熟前10d≥33℃的日最高气温日数成极显著正相关,与连续的低温寡照过程的日数成显著正相关。     

A coupled damage–plasticity model for concrete based on thermodynamic principles: Part I: model formulation and parameter identification

The development of a coupled damage‐plasticity constitutive model for concrete is presented. Emphasis is put on thermodynamic admissibility, rigour and consistency both in the formulation of the model, and in the identification of model parameters based on experimental tests. The key feature of the thermodynamic framework used in this study is that all behaviour of the model can be derived from two specified energy potentials, following procedures established beforehand. Based on this framework, a constitutive model featuring full coupling between damage and plasticity in both tension and compression is developed. Tensile and compressive responses of the material are captured using two separate damage criteria, and a yield criterion with a multiple hardening rule. A crucial part of this study is the identification of model parameters, with these all being shown to be identifiable and computable based on standard tests on concrete. Behaviour of the model is assessed against experimental data on concrete. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

杭锦旗区块二叠系气层产能影响因素分析

杭锦旗区块上古生界二叠系发育了多套近源陆相碎屑岩沉积,自下而上存在着多套含气层砂体。储层具有中低孔低渗且纵横向非均质性较强等特征,致使气层需压裂改造后才具有一定产能。综合运用薄片、X衍射、压汞等实验资料及钻井测试成果,对气层的伤害、产能与探测半径和产能系数之间关系等进行分析研究,认为本区气层易受外来侵入流体污染,压裂规模和解堵有效程度将制约着气层产能。因此,若要有效改造气层和提高天然气产能,必须针对本区二叠系气层特有的特征,研究和采用合理的钻井技术、压裂工艺保护气层和加大压裂规模、扩大其渗流面等气层改造方法。     

A new device for investigating the hydro‐mechanical properties of rock joints

A new experimental system composed of two devices is presented for studying the hydraulic conductivity of rock joints and other interfaces in relation with their mechanical loading. This system allows for investigations on the anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity, as well as for its heterogeneity. The first device controls the injection of a fluid, regulated in pressure or discharge near the centre of the sample of rock joint, which produces a quasi‐radial flow within the joint. The output flow is measured in real time using a sectorized peripheral membrane for acquisition of data about the directionality or anisotropy of the flow. The second device allows for the measurement of the evolution of the morphology and of the void map of the rock joints during their mechanical loading (compression or shearing). It is a laser beam moved by an (x, y) frame. This frame is installed within the shear box at several stages of the loading, after temporarily moving one rock wall away from the other one, but without unmounting them from the shear box. After the presentation of the experimental system, and of its performances, we give some examples of test results of replicas of rock joints, loaded in compression and shearing. First, these results show that the change in global transmissivity of the samples is strongly correlated with the normal relative displacement of the rock walls. Several statistical analyses of the change in the void map, taking into account the damage of the asperities of the joint, are presented and compared with the results of the directional output flows. Today further studies involving a FEM as well as a finite volume modelling of the flow within the joints, based on the measured void map are in progress for a more precise comparison to the experimental results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.