Enhanced multi-layer fatigue-analysis approach for unbonded flexible risers

This paper proposes an enhanced approach for evaluating the fatigue life of each metallic layer of unbonded flexible risers. Owing to the complex structure of unbonded flexible risers and the nonlinearity of the system, particularly in the critical touchdown zone, the traditional method is insufficient for accurately evaluating the fatigue life of these risers. The main challenge lies in the transposition from global to local analyses, which is a key stage for the fatigue analysis of flexible pipes owing to their complex structure. The new enhanced approach derives a multi-layer stress-decomposition method to meet this challenge. In this study, a numerical model validated experimentally is used to demonstrate the accuracy of the stress-decomposition method. And a numerical case is studied to validate the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the multi-layer stress-decomposition method is accurate, and the fatigue lives of the metallic layers predicted by the enhanced multi-layer analysis approach are rational. The proposed fatigue-analysis approach provides a practical and reasonable method for predicting fatigue life in the design of unbonded flexible risers.     

醚菊酯对日本囊对虾肝胰腺细胞DNA损伤效应的研究

为检测中国近海海洋环境中菊酯类农药等污染物对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicas)的基因毒性及其危害程度,作者首次使用醚菊酯对日本囊对虾进行毒理实验,将日本囊对虾分为6组进行不同剂量的处理,采用彗星实验分析技术对处理培育25 d的日本囊对虾DNA损伤情况进行检测,并通过Comet Score 1.5分析软件对实验图谱进行拖尾率、尾长、彗尾DNA相对含量、尾距、Olive距等DNA损伤指标的统计分析,在对各指标分别建立一元回归方程的基础上,又通过SPSS软件进行判定分析,筛选影响作用更大的检测指标,建立了多参数的多元回归方程。实验结果发现,与空白对照组相比,日本囊对虾各实验处理组肝胰腺细胞DNA均有不同程度的损伤且各检测指标均有显著性差异(P0.01),各检测指标与处理浓度表现出良好的剂量效应关系,随着处理浓度递增,各检测指标都呈规律性的增长趋势。回归分析和相关系数表明:各检测指标与处理浓度具有高度的相关性,多项式回归方程(P0.05)和多元回归方程(P0.005)均有显著性的统计学意义,通过多元回归方程可以有效地推断醚菊酯处理浓度和处理时间。     

Lamb波相控阵结构健康监测成像技术

在分析相控阵波束指向的控制过程与介绍相控阵结构健康监测原理的基础上,利用相控阵原理控制Lamb波的时间延迟使其在结构损伤处聚焦.通过比较结构健康状态与损伤状态的传感器响应信号,获取Lamb波损伤散射信号;采用相控阵技术控制损伤散射信号时间延迟得到不同方向的信号,进而实现对结构的多方位扫描,根据扫描信号特点,将各方向的监测结果信号采用灰度图像显示.该方法在铝板结构中实现损伤的定位成像,其不仅能够精确定位损伤位置,而且能够直观清晰显示结构损伤.     

公路灾害遥感监测与评估系统的研究与实现

2008年交通运输部门开始尝试利用遥感技术开展公路灾害应急救灾辅助决策。文章详细阐述了公路灾害遥感监测与评估系统的研发背景、总体架构、系统功能设计与实现。该系统在青海玉树地震和四川雅安地震的成功应用表明,该系统对于缩短公路基础设施灾情调查时间,提升我国公路交通运输重大灾害应急减灾能力具有重要意义。     

Development of flood exposure in the Netherlands during the 20th and 21st century

Flood risks of deltaic areas increase because of population growth, economic development, land subsidence and climatic changes such as sea-level rise. In this study, we analyze trends in flood exposure by combining spatially explicit historical, present, and future land-use data with detailed information on the maximum flood inundation in the Netherlands. We show that the total amount of urban area that can potentially become inundated due to floods from the sea or main rivers has increased six-fold during the 20th century, and may double again during the 21st century. Moreover, these developments took, and probably will take, place in areas with progressively higher potential inundation depths. Potential flood damage has increased exponentially over the 20th century (16 times) and is expected to continue to increase exponentially (∼ten-fold by 2100 with respect to 2000) assuming a high economic growth scenario. Flood damages increase more moderately (two- to three-fold by 2100 with respect to 2000) assuming a low growth scenario. The capacity to deal with catastrophic flood losses - expressed as the ratio damage/GDP - will, however, decrease slightly in the low growth scenario (by about 20%). This trend deviates from the historical trend of the 20th century, which shows an increasing capacity to cope with flood damage (almost doubling). Under the high growth scenario the capacity to deal with such losses eventually increases slightly (by about 25%). These findings illustrate that, despite higher projections of potential flood damage, high economic growth scenarios may not necessarily be worse than low growth scenarios in terms of the impact of floods.     

基于嘴唇色度Fisher分类的驾驶疲劳视觉检测

为提高驾驶疲劳检测的准确率和可靠性,利用唇色和肤色的色度分布差异,挑选3个典型颜色特征构建Fisher分类器用于提取唇色区域.采用区域连通算法对二值唇色区域进行滤波处理,运用改进积分投影算法确定嘴唇边界,根据嘴巴开合度及打呵欠频率判断驾驶员是否疲劳.实验结果表明:基于3个颜色特征构建的Fisher分类器在唇色提取效果上明显优于单一颜色特征的提取效果;改进的积分投影算法能提高嘴唇边界定位的精度和速度;基于打呵欠频率的驾驶疲劳检测方法具有更优的检测准确率和可靠性.融合多个典型颜色特征可改善唇色提取的鲁棒性和可靠性,有助于驾驶疲劳检测效果的提高.     

某局业务楼机房综合防雷整改案例剖析

利用天气气候资料和广东省雷电定位数据库系统的相关雷击数据资料对2009年8月10日某局位于山顶的业务楼综合机房的设备遭到雷击事件进行分析,找出了雷击事故的发生原因,提出了一套较全面的防雷整改方案,包括防直击雷措施、设备防雷电感应措施及防雷电波入侵措施。整改后,经过一年多的检验,该机房各项设备运行正常,再也没有因为雷击而...     

捏拢效应与P-Δ效应对地震延性需求和损伤指标的影响

文中定量地分析了捏拢效应和P-Δ效应对非弹性单自由度体系的地震延性需求和Park-Ang地震损伤指标的概率统计特征的影响。采用Bouc-W en模型描述具有P-Δ效应、捏拢效应、强度退化、刚度退化等典型特性的恢复力-位移滞回曲线;根据非弹性单自由度体系在69条强震记录作用下的动力响应,定量地分析了捏拢效应和P-Δ效应对地震延性需求和Park-Ang地震损伤指标的均值和变异系数的影响,并建立了地震延性需求的概率预测模型。计算结果表明,捏拢效应和由重力引起的P-Δ效应对地震延性需求的影响较大,而由竖向地震激励引起的P-Δ效应对地震延性需求的影响很小;对于短周期体系,建议采用对数正态或Frechet分布来描述地震延性需求的概率分布;对于长周期体系,采用Frechet分布则更为合理。     

砖墙-钢筋混凝土墙组合结构震害预测方法

建筑物震害预测对于制定城市防震减灾规划意义重大,对于我国高烈度区建造的砖墙-钢筋混凝土剪力墙组合结构,目前没有成熟的震害预测方法.为了预测西昌市砖墙-钢筋混凝土剪力墙组合结构建筑物在不同地震烈度下可能发生的震害程度,通过分析该种结构在不同地震作用下的受力特点,提出以结构薄弱层的楼层屈服强度系数为指标进行震害预测,并结合...     

考虑材料损伤累积的空间网格结构弹塑性分析建模方法

传统的轴向受力构件二次屈曲效应模拟方法计算结果在构件前次屈曲后残余变形及材料硬化效应不明显时与试验值差异较大,无法精确模拟,对此文中提出了考虑损伤累积效应的混合硬化材料模型结合纤维梁单元的轴向受力构件建模方法。通过试验数据与数值模拟结果的对比,表明该方法可以更精确地模拟构件在轴向往复荷载作用下二次屈曲及屈曲后的力学行为,是空间网格结构弹塑性分析时构件建模的适用方法,并通过最后的柱面网壳算例分析表明该方法的对网格结构弹塑性时程计算有较大意义。