TRMM卫星降水数据在小尺度流域的评估与应用

选取史灌河流域上游黄泥庄站以上集水区域为研究流域,以地面站点观测为基准数据,评估TRMM 3B42V7版本卫星降水数据的精度,并采用上述两种降水数据驱动栅格型新安江模型,模拟黄泥庄站日径流和月径流过程。结果表明:2001~2010年TRMM 3B42V7降水数据与雨量站数据累积量的偏差不大,仅为1.71%,但相关系数较低,采用TRMM降水数据模拟的日径流能基本再现黄泥庄站的日径流过程,但对洪峰的模拟精度较低;TRMM月降水数据精度较高,相关系数为0.96,能够较为精确地模拟黄泥庄站的月径流过程。     

HJ-1B/IRS热红外数据反演太湖水温的方法比较

太湖是我国典型的富营养化湖泊,水温是影响太湖藻类生长的重要环境因子之一,我国环境减灾卫星HJ-1B搭载的红外多光谱相机IRS对太湖水温动态遥感监测具有较大的性能优势.利用6景过境太湖的IRS热红外遥感影像,分别采用单通道普适性算法、辐射传输模型法和单窗算法反演太湖水温,并与实测水温和同期的TERRA/MODIS温度产品进行对比.结果表明,普适性单通道算法反演水温偏高,而辐射传输模型法和单窗算法则偏低;3种算法反演水温的均方根误差在1.001 K以内,单窗算法反演精度最高,其次是辐射传输模型法,再次为普适性单通道算法,而同期MODIS温度产品的均方根误差为1.507 K.3种算法从IRS热红外数据反演的水温直方图均呈正峰态、尖峰状态分布,反演结果能真实地反映太湖水温的空间分布特征.本研究对只有单个热红外通道的卫星传感器开展内陆水体水温遥感监测具有一定的参考意义.     

从济阳坳陷沙一段古盐度的横向变化看古近纪的海侵方向

在济阳坳陷全区层序地层统一精细划分的基础上,利用古盐度指标B/Ga及济阳坳陷层序Ⅳ（层位大致相当于沙二上-沙一中）的湖侵体系域的古盐度对各凹陷进行了横向对比,发现惠民凹陷、东营凹陷的B/Ga比值较低（3.01～4.16）;车镇凹陷较高（4.08～8.26）;沾化凹陷大致为6～6.95,车镇凹陷东部-沾化凹陷是济阳坳陷此期古盐度最大的区域,很可能代表沙一段时期的海侵通道,这为济阳坳陷古近纪存在海侵的推论提供了一个新的证据.     

CBERS-02B星数据质量评价及铀成矿要素解译应用研究

利用遥感影像处理技术和数理统计方法,评价了中巴地球资源卫星02B星(CBERS-02B,以下简称02B星)遥感数据的空间特性和辐射特征,并与ETM+多光谱数据主要特性参数进行了对比分析.在此基础上,以江西桃山花岗岩型铀矿田为试验区,结合航空放射性数据,开展了基于02B星遥感数据的控矿断裂带、热液蚀变带及主要成矿岩体等铀成矿要素的光谱特征识别与提取,并对该数据的地学应用潜力进行了评价.     

Observations of three slow glitches in the spin rate of the pulsar B1822−09

Three slow glitches in the rotation rate of the pulsar B1822−09 were revealed over the 1995–2004 interval. The slow glitches observed are characterized by a gradual increase in the rotation frequency with a long time-scale of several months, accompanied by a rapid decrease in the magnitude of the frequency first derivative by ∼1–2 per cent of the initial value and subsequent exponential increase back to its initial value on the same time-scale. The cumulative fractional increase in the pulsar rotation rate for the three glitches amounts to  Δν/ν₀∼ 7 × 10⁻⁸  .     

Spectral lags and the energy dependence of pulse width in gamma-ray bursts: contributions from the relativistic curvature effect

We compute the temporal profiles of the gamma-ray burst pulse in the four Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Large Area Detector (LAD) discriminator energy channels, with the relativistic curvature effect of an expanding fireball being explicitly investigated. Assuming an intrinsic 'Band' shape spectrum and an intrinsic energy-independent emission profile, we show that merely the curvature effect can produce detectable spectral lags if the intrinsic pulse profile has a gradually decaying phase. We examine the spectral lag's dependences on some physical parameters, such as the Lorentz factor Γ, the low-energy spectral index, α, of the intrinsic spectrum, the duration of the intrinsic radiation   t '_d  and the fireball radius R . It is shown that approximately the lag  ∝Γ⁻¹  and  ∝ t '_d  , and a spectrum with a more extruded shape (a larger α) causes a larger lag. We find no dependence of the lag on R . Quantitatively, the lags produced from the curvature effect are marginally close to the observed ones, while larger lags require extreme physical parameter values, e.g.  Γ < 50  , or  α > −0.5  . The curvature effect causes an energy-dependent pulse width distribution but the energy dependence of the pulse width we obtained is much weaker than the observed   W ∝ E ^−0.4  one. This indicates that some intrinsic mechanism(s), other than the curvature effect, dominates the pulse narrowing of gamma-ray bursts.     

Rare Earth Magnets: Conservation of Energy and the Environment

Rare earth sintered magnets (Nd magnet) have been used in many applications such as computer and industrial equipment, automobile manufacturing and many others. They are highly efficient and reduce energy consumption because of their superior magnetic properties. The element dysprosium (Dy) contained in the Nd magnet is important and indispensable. It improves the stability of the Nd magnet by enhancing the coercive force of its magnetic properties at high temperature. Dy is not so abundant. The rapid growth of the Nd magnet may result in Dy shortage. Exploration for new deposits of Dy is desired.     

基于大气温度和水汽含量改进HJ-1B地表温度反演

为了提高地面气象站稀少地区地表温度遥感反演的精度,本文基于多源遥感数据的优势,首先利用MODIS影像获取研究区像元尺度上平均大气水汽含量;然后利用同时相的HJ-1B影像估算区域地表比辐射率,再采用温度-植被指数法获取近地表大气温度;最后将以上3个参数输入单窗体算法,改进其地表温度反演的精度。研究结果表明,改进单窗体算法反演地表温度与地面实测温度的偏差小于1 K,为地面气象站点稀少的植被覆盖区域提供了一种可行的精确遥感反演地表温度方法。     

HBV相关肝病患者外周血NK细胞PD-1、Tim-3表达及意义

目的 了解HBV相关肝病患者外周血NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3的表达情况,探讨PD-1和Tim-3的表达与血清HBV-DNA载量的相关情况。方法 选择HBV感染相关肝病患者74例,其中CHB患者30例,LC患者24例,HCC患者20例,健康对照18例。应用流式细胞术检测NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3表达,荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA量,ELISA法检测细胞因子分泌水平。统计各组患者PD-1和Tim-3的表达率,比较各组差异,分析其与病情的相关性。结果 CHB、LC、HCC组外周血NK细胞表面PD-1和Tim-3的表达率分别为34.46%±7.31%、59.09%±12.35%、61.49%±15.26%和19.18%±6.05%、28.64%±11.20%、31.24%±11.85%,均高于对照组（P<0.01）,LC组和HCC组明显高于CHB组（P<0.01）,LC组和HCC组比较无统计学差异。在CHB组,PD-1的表达率与HBV-DNA呈负相关关系（R=-0.437,P=0.033）。CHB、LC、HCC各组血清中细胞因子TNF-α和IFN-γ水平分别为0.66±0.63、0.75±0.66、0.85±0.71和1.76±0.88、1.83±1.23、1.60±0.53,均低于健康对照组（P<0.01）。结论 HBV相关肝病患者NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3表达均增加,且与病情严重程度有关,增加表达的PD-1与血清HBV-DNA载量存在负相关性,HBV肝病各组血清TNF-α、IFN-γ分泌减少。     

基于B样条小波变换的矢量地图数据压缩及边界处理

在离散小波变换的快速Mallat算法基础上，根据小波滤波器的特点，提出了一种基于B样条小波变换的矢量数据压缩的边界处理的方法，该方法经袂现可以保证压缩后的数据能如实的反映原数据的特性和规律性。