The design of visco‐acoustic weighted L1‐error frequency–space wavefield extrapolators

Seismic imaging is an important step for imaging the subsurface structures of the Earth. One of the attractive domains for seismic imaging is explicit frequency–space (f – x) prestack depth migration. So far, this domain focused on migrating seismic data in acoustic media, but very little work assumed visco‐acoustic media. In reality, seismic exploration data amplitudes suffer from attenuation. To tackle the problem of attenuation, new operators are required, which compensates for it. We propose the weighted L ₁ ‐error minimisation technique to design visco‐acoustic f – x wavefield extrapolators. The L ₁ ‐error wavenumber responses provide superior extrapolator designs as compared with the previously designed equiripple L ₄ ‐norm and L_∞‐norm extrapolation wavenumber responses. To verify the new compensating designs, prestack depth migration is performed on the challenging Marmousi model dataset. A reference migrated section is obtained using non‐compensating f – x extrapolators on an acoustic dataset. Then, both compensating and non‐compensating extrapolators are applied to a visco‐acoustic dataset, and both migrated sections are then compared. The final images show that the proposed weighted L ₁ ‐error method enhances the resolution and results in practically stable images.     

基于地理国情普查的海绵城市下沉式绿地的分析研究——以武汉市江汉区为例

海绵城市是城市建设的新理念,全国正在推进海绵城市建设,为解决城市内涝,缓解城市建设对城市水文、环境的负面影响,在技术层面为海绵城市提供服务。文章采用现势性最强的地理国情普查数据,采用空间数据分析方法,通过定量计算分析了海绵城市建设中的下沉式绿地的现状与分布,为海绵城市建设的研究提供了技术支撑,同时也为地理国情普查更好地服务社会提供了可靠、准确、权威的地理信息服务。     

Evidence of nonlinear site response in HVSR from SMART1 (Taiwan) data

Deamplification of strong motion and the increase of the effective period of soil deposits are typical nonlinear effects; we seek them in SMART1-array data by applying the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique. The recordings, from four soil and one rock stations, represent 23 earthquakes (M_L 4.9–7.0); PGA varies between 20–260 cm/s². For each station, mean HVSR curves are calculated for two PGA ranges: <75 cm/s² and >100 cm/s² (weak and strong motion). At the soil stations, the “weak” (linear) and “strong” (nonlinear) responses are significantly different. Below 1–1.8 Hz, the nonlinear response exceeds the linear one. Above 2 Hz, the nonlinear response drops below the linear one and above 4–6 Hz below unity (deamplification). From 10 to 16 Hz, the two responses converge. One soil site shows significant negative correlation between resonance frequency and ground acceleration. Such behaviour agrees with other empirical studies and theoretical predictions. Our results imply that the HVSR technique is sensitive to ground-motion intensity and can be used to detect and study nonlinear site response.     

2017年精河MS6.6地震前地磁异常特征分析

2017年8月9精河发生M_S6.6地震,距震中300km范围内的温泉台、克拉玛依台、乌鲁木齐台捕捉到此次地震前的地磁异常信息,本文对此进行了分析和总结,结论如下：①地磁谐波振幅比反应了观测点深部电阻率变化,2016年呼图壁M_S6.2、此次精河M_S6.6地震均发生在克拉玛依台地磁谐波振幅比异常下降之后的转折和恢复阶段;②震前83天、21天沿北天山断裂带分布的地磁台站逐日比和加卸载响应比均成组出现超限的高值,且异常高值的空间分布与震中位置有一定关联;③全国大陆地磁台站震前34天出现低点位移突变分界线,且异常集中于震中附近。     

山西黄土动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究

土的动剪切模量与阻尼比作为土动力特性研究的重要参数,一直备受关注。为了研究山西地区黄土的动力特性,对山西某土石坝坝基黄土进行了共振柱与动三轴试验,获得了在较大应变范围内的动剪切模量与阻尼比试验数据。试验结果表明,山西黄土动剪切模量与阻尼比均显著受初始含水率影响,其归一化的动剪切模量能够用修正的Hardin模型进行拟合,并给出了相关参数;阻尼比可以采用本文建议的公式进行拟合,拟合效果良好。最后,采用经验公式确定了不同围压下的最大动剪切模量的参数。     

结构性对上海软土渗透系数影响的试验研究

对在不同固结压力下原状土、重塑土的渗透系数进行试验研究，对比分析渗透系数的变化规律，研究上海软土结构性对渗透系数的影响。该试验的研究结果对上海软土渗透系数的确定有重要的工程指导意义。     

物理模型变率影响研究进展

从理论分析、系列物理模型和数学模型三个方面对物理模型变率影响研究的进展情况作了概述。着重介绍了采用系列概化物理模型试验研究潮流和潮流、波浪共同作用下的模型变率影响问题,给出了进行潮流、波浪和泥沙物理模型的变率限制条件。     

农田蒸散量计算方法的比较研究

根据观测资料,采用波文比法、廓线梯度法和综合阻地等分别计算了农田植被层上的蒸散量,并对比分析了不同方法之间的相对误差和相关程度。结果表明,用波文比法计算的潜热通量存在系统性偏小的现象,而工法和综合阻抗法的计算结果比较一致。文中还讨论了不同方法的优缺点和产生误差的可能原因。     

基于相关函数理论的动模量和阻尼比计算新方法

基于相关函数理论,提出一种新的计算动三轴试验动模量和阻尼比的方法。假设土体为黏弹性体,采用自相关函数分析应力、应变波形的平均幅值,进而计算动模量;采用互相关函数分析应变滞后于应力时程波形的相位差,进而计算阻尼比。利用饱和珊瑚砂、南京细砂和原状粉质黏土的不排水应变控制分级循环加载试验数据,分析结果表明：动模量和阻尼比计算的相关函数法对不同土样具有普适性;应变幅值小于1×10?4时,相关函数法计算动模量及阻尼比的精度明显优于传统的滞回圈法;应变幅值大于1×10?3时,土体呈现强非线性特性,应力-应变滞回圈不对称,相关函数法计算的阻尼更为可靠。     

Alternate bar development in an alpine river following engineering works

Formation and development of alternate bars in an engineered mountainous reach of the Arc River, France, is studied using photo analysis, 1D modelling and by applying theoretical and empirical models for alternate bar systems. Alternate bars already existed in the 80s in the form of a stable confined wandering system. In 1994, the river bed was flattened after engineering works. However, aerial photographs and cross-sectional profiles show that bars rapidly recovered within a few years. The alternate bar system evolved rapidly with a reduction of the number of bars and so an increasing bar length. The width-to-depth ratio, the slope change, the bend upstream of the reach, and the sediment supplies are the main controls of bar formation and evolution. The system appears to lead to force bars due to the bend but also due to a bridge in the downstream part of the reach. Nevertheless some free mobile bars are still observed in the middle of the reach. A discussion on the alternate bar formation is provided using empirical and analytical models. Finally, impacts of low flows and vegetation seem to be significant in the stabilization of the system toward a confined wandering system as observed before the engineering works.