一种近岸波浪动能发电装置

设计了一种近岸波浪动能发电设备,其特有的双通道结构可将海水的双向流动转化为叶轮的单向旋转。同时,根据近岸波浪能的特点,分析了近岸海水动能和远离海岸波浪波高的关系,研究了通过发电设备的水流速度和设备的流通面积。     

Study on the extremely cold winter of 1670 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes.     

气象上寒潮天气两种不同统计方法的探讨

文章使用多伦县2001—2010年寒潮天气统计资料,分析了当地寒潮变化特征,通过对寒潮统计两种不同方法从降温特征、大气环流特征及地表覆盖几个方面进行分析,得出如下结论:按日最低气温降温幅度统计寒潮天气出现次数明显多于按日平均气温降温幅度统计寒潮天气出现的次数,尤其在初冬和冬末季节日最低气温变化比日平均气温变化幅度更加剧烈。     

小波分析在雷击大气电场波形去噪分析中的应用

雷击时大气电场信号中混杂的噪声信号影响对真实大气电场信号的分析、提取和使用。文中通过计算仿真信号和去噪前后真实电场信号的均方误差,分析选取不同的小波函数、阈值法和小波分解层数对去噪效果产生的影响。考虑雷击时大气电场信号的信噪比,选用sym5小波和db5小波与minimaxi和rigrsure阈值法结合,且对小波的分解层数选用6~7层,进行大气电场波形的去噪处理,其去噪效果比较理想。最后,将该方法用于实际雷击大气电场波形数据的去噪处理,对雷击时电场波形的突变性检测中,在20个样本中有14个在首次雷击前1.5~2 h具有突变过程,占70%,这为将大气电场仪资料引入其他气象参数预报模型提供了切入点。     

有限深两层流体内孤立波非线性数值模拟入口边界条件研究

基于有限深两层流体KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)、eKdV(extended KdV)和MCC(Miyata-Choi-Camassa)理论,以内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度为入口边界条件,采用理想流体完全非线性欧拉方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波生成的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟方法。以系列数值模拟结果为依据,结合内孤立波非线性和色散参数的组合条件,给出了选择合适内孤立波理论解作为CFD数值模拟入口边界条件的方法,从而实现了振幅与波形可控的内孤立波完全非线性数值模拟。     

明基床上开孔沉箱垂直力峰值对应的水平力分析

利用水槽二维物理模型对规则波及不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱所受到的波浪力进行了较为系统的试验研究。分析了开孔沉箱总垂直力峰值时刻对应的总水平力与相对基床高度、消浪室相对宽度、波陡、相对水深以及开孔率等影响因素之间的关系,给出了明基床上开孔沉箱总水平力比值(总垂直力峰值时刻对应的总水平力/总水平力峰值)与各影响因素之间的计算关系式。研究成果可供实际工程参考应用。     

中国南海极端风暴海况下固定式平台结构可靠性分析

基于中国南海海域风暴环境条件,研究分析南海海域固定式导管架平台结构整体性和可靠性,以及新建固定式平台结构设计准则。采用海洋环境数据后报方法,得到南海海域1972~2011共40年的风、浪、流联合数据,从中抽取风暴环境条件;利用通用荷载模型,将40年间的风暴环境数据转变成结构的荷载数据,即基底剪力或倾覆力矩;并计算得到风暴环境荷载的短期及长期分布,以及任意风暴下荷载的概率分布;根据结构可靠性模型,结合荷载的长期分布,研究基于结构暴露等级及失效概率的固定式平台结构强度储备比。根据计算,得到了不同暴露等级下中国南海平台的强度储备比,并与墨西哥湾及北海海域进行了比较,为新建平台提供设计参考。     

深海极端环境模拟装置设计

为了满足深海极端环境科学研究的需求,设计了深海极端环境模拟装置。对系统结构以及工作原理进行分析,介绍了培养釜、温度控制子系统和压力控制子系统。重点针对当前模拟装置压力控制精度不高的问题,设计了高精度压力传感器,并提出一种迭代自学习PID压力控制算法,实现系统压力自动检测和连续控制,同时带有观察窗的培养釜结构可以实现微生物状况实时观测。实验结果表明,该系统能够实现深海极端环境参量高精度模拟,可以为深海极端环境科学研究提供很好的平台。     

Internal solitary waves shoaling onto a shelf: Comparisons of weakly-nonlinear and fully nonlinear models for hyperbolic-tangent stratifications

In this study the evolution of internal solitary waves shoaling onto a shelf is considered. The results of high resolution two-dimensional numerical simulations of the incompressible Euler equations are compared with the predictions of several weakly-nonlinear shoaling models of the Korteweg–de Vries family including the Gardner equation and the cubic regularized long wave (or Benjamin–Bona–Mahoney) equation. Wave models in both physical x–t space and in s–x space are considered where s is a commonly used characteristic time variable. The effects of rotation, background currents and damping are ignored. The Boussinesq and rigid lid approximations are also used. The shoaling internal solitary waves generally fission into several waves. Reflected waves are negligible in the cases considered here. Several hyperbolic tangent stratifications are considered with and without a critical point. Among the equations in x–t space the cubic regularized long wave equation gives the best predictions. The Gardner equation in s–x space gives the best predictions of the shape of the leading waves on the shelf, but for many stratifications it predicts a propagation speed that is too large.     

Dynamic response analysis of a floating mooring system

An innovative floating mooring system with two or more independent floating mooring platforms in the middle and one rigid platform on each side is proposed for improving efficiency and safety in shallow water. For this new system, most of collision energy is absorbed through the displacement of floating platforms. In order to illustrate the validity of the system, a series of model tests were conducted at a scale of 1:40. The coupled motion characteristics of the floating mooring platforms were discussed under regular and irregular waves, and the influences of wave direction and other characteristics on dynamic response of the system were analyzed. The results show that the mooring system is safest at 0° of wave incident angle, whereas the most dangerous mooring state occurs at 90° of wave incident angle. Motion responses increase with the increase of wave height, but are not linearly related to changes in wave height.