藤壶胶组分的分离制备

研究ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５，Ｇ－５０，Ｇ－１００，Ｇ－２００和Ｇ－２００（超细）等型号的葡聚糖凝胶系统，对溶解在１．０％ＳＤＳ－２Ｍｅ水溶液中的网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ固态胶蛋白组分的分离制备效果。结果表明，ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００和Ｇ－２００（超细）两种葡聚糖凝胶层析柱（直径１．７ｃｍ，长３０ｃｍ），用０．０５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｔｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ－１％ＳＤＳ－２Ｍｅ溶液洗脱时，均可将改蛋白组分按其分子量的大小进行分离，且以后者的分高效果更好。     

硒在极大螺旋藻细胞中的分布特点及对生化组成的影响

研究了极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)在实验室培养和规模化中试培养条件下,在其培养基中添加20×10-6Na2SeO3后,硒在其细胞中的分布特点及对生化组成的影响。结果表明,硒在细胞中的质量比可达126.7μg/g(实验室培养),甚至高达606.5μg/g(中试培养),其中主要分布于细胞中的蛋白质中,占总硒的69.4%(实验室培养),甚至可达94%(中试培养),比对照组增长了33.4%;糖类和脂类中硒仅占小部分,糖类1.4%,脂类2.7%~3.5%。20×10-6Na2SeO3的存在没有影响极大螺旋藻的生长,生物量反而提高了6.0%;其中糖类提高了49.6%,脂类25.0%,但蛋白质下降了11.1%。     

Tracing the inputs and fate of marine and terrigenous organic matter in Arctic Ocean sediments: A multivariate analysis of lipid biomarkers

An understanding of the carbon cycle within arctic sediments requires discrimination between the terrigenous and marine components of organic carbon, insight into the removal mechanisms for labile carbon during burial and appreciation of shelf-to-basin processes. Using a large data set of multiple molecular organic markers (alkanes, alkanols, sterols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids), we apply (1) principal components analysis (PCA) to obtain a robust comparison of biomarker compositions in Arctic Ocean sediments, (2) geometric mean (GM) linear regression of the PCA variables to estimate the relative contributions of labile/marine and stable/terrigenous sources to each biomarker and (3) the slope of the GM regression of each biomarker with TOC to provide a novel measure of the removal rate of each biomarker relative to phytol. The PCA- and TOC-based indices generally increase together: biomarkers with very high TOC-based removal rates such as the saturated and unsaturated n-alkanoic acids generally have a high labile/marine content from PCA, while the sterols have low removal rates, but exhibit a range of labile/marine content values and the n-alkanes and n-alkanols have low values for both. A dominant feature of all PCA models examined is a progressive decrease in the autochthonous/marine biomarkers with each increase in sediment core depth, which points to a universal diagenetic alteration of organic carbon with depth in the cores. The PCA model also displays a shelf to basin trend that is non-diagenetic and implies the ongoing (centuries or more) delivery of long-chain n-alkanes, n-alcohols and n-alkanoic acids in a matrix that is pre-formed and well-preserved within the sediments. Terrigenous biomarker distributions within the PCA model suggest that atmospheric transport of plant waxes in aerosols and the water borne transport of very fine plant macerals likely have significant roles in the export of these vascular plant biomarkers to the basins. Biomarker ratios and profiles of the PCA-based labile/marine content with core depth indicate that the PCA model is more strongly influenced by the biomarker lability than the marine content, while increases in the marine content are largely responsible for the shifts in composition for near-surface core sections.     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雄性生殖系统发育过程中生化成分的季节变化

采用生化方法测定了中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖系统及肝胰腺各组织中甘油三酯、胆固醇、蛋白质、葡萄糖和糖原含量的季节变化。结果表明，全年胆固醇含量在肝胰腺、血淋巴和精巢中均有2个高峰，分别在6月和12月、7月和12月、9月和次年1月，且第二峰值均明显高于第一峰值；肝胰腺葡萄糖含量最高值出现在6月，之后逐渐下降，而血淋巴和精巢则在7月，之后亦逐渐下降；肝胰腺和血淋巴出现糖原峰值的时间和葡萄糖相似，但精巢在9月，而副性腺在8月时已达到较高含量，最高值出现在次年1月；蛋白质的变化与上述3种物质基本相似，但血淋巴出现峰值的时间要早于肝胰腺。上述各生化成分变化的先后顺序和连续性表明，肝胰腺内上述物质在进入性腺快速发育期前，经血淋巴向精巢和副性腺转移，精巢对胆固醇和葡萄糖的积累要早于副性腺，这些物质的变化与生殖周期存在明显的相关性。肝胰腺中甘油三酯始终处于积累状态，而精巢和副性腺在前期对甘油三酯的积累极少，直至后期才略有上升，表明甘油三酯并非性腺发育所必需。     

地理信息系统与主成分分析在多年气象观测数据处理中的应用

探讨一种处理多年气象观测数据的新方法,该方法以地理信息系统为技术支撑,以数字图像处理和标准主成分分析为核心,适用于处理空间分布广、时间序列长的多类型气象观测数据。在实例研究中,首先对中国160个站10年气温、降水观测数据进行空间双线性插值,得到一系列数值图像;并对这些数值图像进行标准主成分分析,得到反映多年气候状况且相互独立的各主成分;然后选取其中前6个主成分进行空间迭代聚类分析,得到中国气候分类图;通过对所得类别进行多年气候指标统计分析,得到中国气候区划图;最后将所得气候区划图与传统气候区划图进行比较分析,并指出该方法在处理多年气象观测数据工作中的可行性与局限性。     

蓬莱田横栈道维修加固技术

结合蓬莱田横栈道维修加固工程实例,介绍了针对滨海环境下不同的工程构件采取的不同的处理措施以及施工效果。     

次天气尺度与中尺度正、斜压模演变揭示的武汉暴雨过程

利用滤波原理提取出大气流场中的次天气尺度和中尺度信息，再把大尺度和中尺度水平风场分别分解为正压分量（垂直平均）和斜压分量（扰动）流场。对1998年7月21～22日发生在武汉附近的强暴雨过程进行了次天气尺度与中尺度流场正、斜压分量演变特征的分析。结果表明：次天气尺度与中尺度流场正压分量的演变与此次强暴雨的酝酿、发展和消亡具有内在的联系；次天气尺度与中尺度流场高层200hPa斜压分量很强，低层850hPa正压分量很强；次天气尺度与中尺度流场斜压性占主导地位，随着暴雨的发展，中尺度流场的正压性减弱而斜压性进一步增强，而次天气尺度流场的正压性增强而斜压性减弱。以上结论对于揭示中尺度暴雨过程发生发展的本质有一定的意义。     

Bench–shelf system dynamic characteristics and their effects on equipment and contents

Economic losses during past earthquakes are strongly associated with damage and failure to nonstructural equipment and contents. Among the vast types of nonstructural elements, one important category, is scientific equipment in biological or chemical laboratories. These equipment are often mounted on heavy ceramic bench‐tops of bench–shelf systems, which in turn may amplify the dynamic motions imposed. To investigate the seismic response of these types of systems, a series of shake table and field experiments were conducted considering different representative bench and shelf‐mounted equipment and contents. Results from shake table experiments indicate that these equipment are generally sliding‐dominated. In addition, the bench–shelf system is observed to be very stiff and when lightly loaded, has a fundamental frequency between 10 and 16 Hz. An approximate 50% reduction in the first and second fundamental frequencies is observed considering practical loading conditions. Insight into a broader range of system response is provided by conducting eigenvalue and time history analyses. Non‐linear regression through the numerical data indicate acceleration amplification ratios Ω range from 2.6 to 1.4 and from 4.3 to 1.6, for fixed–fixed and pinned–pinned conditions, respectively. Both the experimental and numerical results support the importance of determining the potential dynamic amplification of motion in the context of accurately determining the maximum sliding displacement of support equipment and contents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.