广东莲花山花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

广东莲花山岩体位于莲花山断裂带北部, 由规模巨大的侏罗—白垩纪花岗岩组成。本文对莲花山岩体中部进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素和Lu-Hf同位素研究, 获得片麻状花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩和细-中粒黑云母花岗岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为(142.5±1.5) Ma(MWSD=3.5, N=30)、(138.9±0.6) Ma(MWSD=1.4, N=30)和(145.5±0.7) Ma(MWSD=1.2, N=28), 表明岩体为晚侏罗至早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。地球化学特征显示岩体为偏铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.97~1.1)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=6.1 wt%~ 8.1 wt%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.4~1.8), 富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb, 亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti, 与壳源岩浆特征类似。岩体SiO2含量差异较大(69.5 wt%~80.1 wt%), 高硅样品明显经历一定程度的结晶分异, 属于分异的I型花岗岩。所有样品锆石εHf(t)值均为负值(–4.5 ~ –2.0), 在年龄-εHf(t)图中, 均落入球粒陨石演化线和华夏基底演化线之间, 暗示源岩主要为古老壳源基底物质。在此基础上, 结合区域构造-岩浆记录, 本文认为莲花山花岗岩体的形成与古太平洋板片俯冲后撤(roll back)诱发的弧后扩张作用相关。     

孔兹岩带古元古代中期构造背景：来自卓资地区～2.2Ga紫苏碱长花岗岩的证据

麻粒岩-紫苏花岗岩杂岩在华北克拉通孔兹岩带内分布较广但研究程度较低,本文对孔兹岩带东部卓资地区大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩进行了详细的岩相学、地球化学和地质年代学研究,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因及构造背景,为孔兹岩带构造演化及孔兹岩系沉积环境提供约束。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果表明大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩形成于古元古代中期(～2.2Ga),并经历了古元古代晚期构造热事件及～1.89Ga变质作用叠加改造。岩石具有铁质、钙碱性至碱钙性、准铝质至弱过铝质特征,具有较高SiO₂、Na₂O+K₂O、Ga、Zr含量及FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)值,低Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、 Sr、Cr含量及较高的全岩锆石饱和温度(835～887℃,平均860℃),与A型花岗岩指标相近。样品呈现平坦的右倾型稀土元素配分模式和弱的负Eu异常,富集K、Rb、Ba、Zr、Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合研究表明大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩是在弧后伸展背景下幔源岩浆上涌导致英云闪长质、花岗闪长质地壳岩石部分熔...     

EGNOS模型在对流层延迟插值方法改进中的应用

在插值站与已知站平均高程面高差较大的情况下,传统的反距离加权内插法得到的对流层延迟值精度较差,因此提出了一种基于EGNOS模型的反距离加权插值方法。该方法通过EGNOS模型将对流层延迟改正值在高程方向上进行投影延拓。相对于传统内插法来说,可以避免较大高差带来的空间内插结构上的畸形。采用IGS站提供的对流层产品进行实验,结果表明该方法求得的对流层延迟改正精度相比于传统的反距离加权内插法有了显著提高,特别是对于高差较大的站点有很好的改进效果。     

Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights and regional implications from the Barmer Basin rift

Structural studies of the Barmer Basin in Rajasthan, northwest India, demonstrate the important effect that pre-existing faults can have on the geometries of evolving fault systems at both the outcrop and basin-scale. Outcrop exposures on opposing rift margins reveal two distinct, non-coaxial extensional events. On the eastern rift margin northwest–southeast extension was accommodated on southwest- and west-striking faults that form a complex, zig-zag fault network. On the western rift margin northeast–southwest extension was accommodated on northwest-striking faults that form classical extensional geometries.Combining these outcrop studies with subsurface interpretations demonstrates that northwest–southeast extension preceded northeast–southwest extension. Structures active during the early, previously unrecognised extensional event were variably incorporated into the evolving fault systems during the second. In the study area, an inherited rift-oblique fault transferred extension from the rift margin to a mid-rift fault, rather than linking rift margin fault systems directly. The resultant rift margin accommodation structure has important implications for early sediment routing and depocentre evolution, as well as wider reaching implications for the evolution of the rift basin and West Indian Rift System. The discovery of early rifting in the Barmer Basin supports that extension along the West Indian Rift System was long-lived, multi-event, and likely resulted from far-field plate reorganisations.     

Structural style in a young flexure-induced oblique extensional system,north-western Bonaparte Basin,Australia

In the north-western Bonaparte Basin (North West Shelf of Australia) Neogene to Recent flexure-induced extension superimposed obliquely over the Mesozoic rift structures. Thus, the area offers a good opportunity to investigate the dynamics and architecture of oblique extension fault systems. Analysis of basin-scale 2D and 3D seismic data along the Vulcan sub-basin shows that Neogene deformation produced a new set of extensional, en échelon faults, at places accompanied by the reactivation of the Mesozoic faults. The pre-existing Mesozoic structures strongly control the distribution of the Neogene-Recent deformation, both at regional and local scales. Main controls on the Neogene-Recent fault style, density and segmentation/linkage include: (1) the orientation of the underlying Mesozoic structures, (2) the obliqueness of the younger extension relative to the rift-inherited faults, and (3) the proximity to the Timor Trough. Three types of vertical relationships have been observed between Mesozoic and Neogene-Recent faults. Hard linkages seems to develop when both fault systems trend parallel, therefore increasing risks for trap integrity. It is suggested that the orientation of maximum horizontal stress (S_Hmax) relative to the Mesozoic faults, forming hydrocarbon traps, is critical for their potential seal/leak behaviour. Stratigraphic growth across the faults indicates that main fault activity occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene, which corresponds to the timing of tectonic loading on Timor Island and the development of lithospheric flexure. Synchronism of normal faulting with flexural bending suggests that extensional deformation on the descending Australian margin accompanied the formation of the Timor Trough.     

低频天气图预报方法的思索

对当前国内推广应用低频天气图延伸期天气过程预报方法需要思考和探索的几个问题：气象服务需求、完善技术方法、今后如何发展等提出了一些见解,供推广应用低频天气图延伸期天气过程预报方法的有关省市自治区业务单位思索。     

Silurian A-type granitoids in the southern margin of the Tongbai-Dabieshan: Evidence from SHRIMP zircon geochronology and geochemistry

The Dabieshan Orogenic belt is well known for the exhumation of early Mesozoic ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks and Jurassic–Cretaceous emplacement of voluminous granitoids. However, the tectonic evolution in the orogen during the Paleozoic, especially its magmatic response to tectonism has not received much attention. As indicated by published data, the Dabieshan orogenic belt contains different records of Paleozoic magmatic-tectonic association in different tectonic units. Occ…     

地图内容质量特征和数量特征概括的数学模型

在分类的定义下,根据概念外延的包含关系,给出了质量特征概括的数学模型。在定义数量的基础上,推导出级距概念,并根据两个不同级距的偏序集中大级距子集包含多个小级距子集的关系,给出了数量特征概括的数学模型。本文给出的地物质量特征和数量特征概括的数学模型,可对地图编制过程中诸如随地图比例尺缩小而缩减分类,扩大级差等经验事实,作出定量的描述和理论阐释。     

面向分类的高光谱影像局部线性嵌入算法研究

局部线性嵌入算法(LLE)能很好保存数据点的局部性质,因此有很好的数据可视化效果,但它不是一种很好的面向分类的特征提取方法。因为它存在样本外点学习能力差和忽略了样本类别信息的缺点。对此,本文提出一种分类型局部线性嵌入算法。所提方法通过计算重构误差来判定样本类别,并引进平移向量和缩放因子对距离修正,显著提高类别可分性。在对高光谱影像进行分类的试验中验证了该方法的有效性。