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41.
东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。 相似文献
42.
43.
W. Franke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(3):505-515
The brachyanticlinal structure of the Saxonian Granulite Complex was formed, or at least overprinted, by large-scale crustal extension, which is documented in an extreme reduction of the metamorphic profile and a pressure-temperature path with nearly isothermal decompression. the granulite is situated within a south-west-northeast trending belt characterized by basaltic volcanism and an intrabasinal, sediment-producing rise, both active in Frasnian times. These features are taken to reflect at least part of the extension which has exhumed the high grade rocks; however, Cambro-Ordovician rifting possibly initiated the process. The Frasnian palaeogeography and geophysical data suggest that the axis of the granulite dome extends at least 150 km towards the south-west. The overall setting strongly resembles the metamorphic core complexes of the western USA, but the exhumation of rocks preserving evidence of metamorphic pressures of 10–12 kbar requires much higher extensional strain, possibly due to the longer period of stretching. Early Carboniferous compression and minor post-collisional extension (Late Carboniferous to Permian) have not significantly modified the earlier geometry. U-Pb and Sm-Nd data ranging between 380 and 340 Ma are interpreted to record retrogression during uplift rather than peak metamorphism. 相似文献
44.
攀西的结晶基底岩系——康定群,褶皱基底岩系——会理群、昆阳群与北澳大利亚地区一致,是泛冈瓦纳大陆的组成部分。泥盆—二叠纪时期,扬予古陆发生强烈地裂运动,后期扬予古陆向北漂移,导致了它与澳大利亚的分裂,这时攀西不再是一个单纯的内陆裂谷,它发展为原大洋,成为扬予古陆西缘的被动大陆边缘裂谷。二叠纪末它可能与同步向北漂移的羌塘-印支古陆拼合:三叠纪初与华北陆块拼合;于侏罗纪、白垩纪分别与藏北及藏南陆块拼合;喜马拉雅运动,印度板块碰撞,形成了统一的亚洲大陆,本区受造山作用影响,形成广泛的冲断-推覆体构造形体。 相似文献
45.
造山后伸展构造研究的最新进展 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21
本文综合介绍和比较分析了全球范围内不同时期造山带中的伸展构造样式;地壳尺度的拆离带或低角度正断层的性质、几何学和运动学;拆离带下盘变质核杂岩的抬升机理及其中各种韧性组构的成因和发展演变;后造山伸展塌陷过程中的岩浆活动和热演化;伸展平行褶皱的成因和构造几何学;后造山伸展盆地的形成过程;造山带地球物理剖面解释和岩石圈动力学;后造山伸展构造的物理和数字模拟等方面,当前开展的主要研究内容、研究方法和趋势。 相似文献
46.
Sebastian Hinsken Kamil Ustaszewski Andreas Wetzel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(6):979-1002
Eocene to Early Oligocene syn-rift deposits of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) accumulated in restricted environments.
Sedimentation was controlled by local clastic supply from the graben flanks, as well as by strong intra-basinal variations
in accommodation space due to differential tectonic subsidence, that in turn led to pronounced lateral variations in depositional
environment. Three large-scale cycles of intensified evaporite sedimentation were interrupted by temporary changes towards
brackish or freshwater conditions. They form three major base level cycles that can be traced throughout the basin, each of
them representing a stratigraphic sub-unit. A relatively constant amount of horizontal extension (ΔL) in the range of 4–5 km has been estimated for the URG from numerous cross-sections. The width of the rift (L
f
), however, varies between 35 and more than 60 km, resulting in a variable crustal stretching factor between the bounding
masterfaults. Apart from block tilting, tectonic subsidence was, therefore, largely controlled by changes in the initial rift
width (L
0). The along-strike variations of the graben width are responsible for the development of a deep, trough-like evaporite basin
(Potash Basin) in the narrowest part of the southern URG, adjacent to shallow areas in the wider parts of the rift such as
the Colmar Swell in the north and the Rhine Bresse Transfer Zone that delimits the URG to the south. Under a constant amount
of extension, the along-strike variation in rift width is the principal factor controlling depo-centre development in extensional
basins. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
Faulting in zones of lithospheric extension: Quantitative analysis of natural and experimental data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. I. Sherman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(3-4):421-446
Quantitative relationships between major fault parameters from geological observations and laboratory experiments are compared. Relationships are established between fault length, number, depth of fault penetration, amplitude of displacement and other characteristics. The width of destruction zones is estimated. Spacing between parallel faults of compatible length is evaluated. It is shown that there is a stable correlation between fault length and number, which is independent from the mode of loading the material under destruction. Destruction of the lithosphere is believed to occur according to the laws of deformation of Maxwell elasto-viscous body. 相似文献
50.
CHEN Jingliang The Northwest Institute of Hydraulic Research ZHAO Keyu The Northwest Institute of Hydraulic Research 《国际泥沙研究》1992,(3)
In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed. 相似文献