膨胀土路基变形的数值模拟

在非饱和土固结理论的基础上,分析了降雨入渗条件下全填筑和全开挖膨胀土路基变形的特征,获取了浸水后膨胀土路基内塑性区的发展过程,得出了膨胀土路基一般发生浅层滑动的结论,这种滑动与通常饱和土的边坡失稳的原因是不同的。     

非饱和黏性土的电阻率特性及其试验研究

在讨论黏性土导电特性的基础上,假定非饱和黏性土中存在3种电流流通路径,针对已有的非饱和土电阻率结构模型存在的缺陷,推导了适用于非饱和黏性土的电阻率结构模型,探讨了土电阻率的主要影响因素,并将其归纳为3类。最后,通过对合肥膨胀土相关试验研究,分析了含水率、孔隙水电阻率、温度以及孔隙率对膨胀土的电阻率的影响特征,探讨了非饱和膨胀土的电阻率基本特性。     

水泥及其外加剂固化天津海积软土的试验研究

天津滨海新区广泛分布的海积软土很难直接满足工程建设需要。使用目前较为普遍的水泥系固化剂固化时,欲获得较高的强度必须提高固化剂的掺量。这样,势必增加工程造价。以水泥为主剂,同时掺入一定量的NaOH作为辅剂,对此种地基处理方法进行深层次理论探讨、微观结构分析以及现场验证试验。结果表明,水泥土掺适量的NaOH加固天津海积软土效果甚佳,值得在工程中推广使用。     

合肥膨胀土标准吸湿含水率的特征

标准吸湿含水率是《公路路基设计规范》（JTG D30-2004）推荐的三项膨胀土判别指标之一,以合（肥）－六（安）－叶（集）高速公路为工程背景,探讨了该指标在合肥膨胀土判别与分类中的适用性以及与其他指标如液限、塑性指数、自由膨胀率和小于0.002 mm胶粒含量的相关性问题。研究发现：标准吸湿含水率能反映膨胀土膨胀潜势的差别,但规范推荐的判别标准不适用于合肥膨胀土的判别。标准吸湿含水率与液限等其他判别指标具有一定的相关性,相关系数的平方达0.468～0.663,说明标准吸湿含水率能够反映膨胀土的本质属性,可以作为判别指标。     

粉煤灰改良膨胀土试验研究

研究掺粉煤灰对合肥膨胀土的物理性质指标以及胀缩性指标等的影响,探讨利用粉煤灰改良膨胀土的措施与效果。试验研究结果表明,在膨胀土中掺入适量的粉煤灰可有效降低膨胀土的塑性指数、降低膨胀势、减小线缩率与降低活性。在膨胀土中掺入粉煤灰还可改变膨胀土的击实特性,一定击实功作用下,随着掺灰率的增加,土体的最优含水率与最大干密度均减小,膨胀土中掺入粉煤灰后,膨胀土可在较小的含水率下通过击实或压实达到稳定。掺灰膨胀土的膨胀量与膨胀力随养护龄期的增长而减小;没有经过养护的掺灰土,其无侧限抗压强度随掺灰率的变化几乎没有变化,经过7 d养护后,土的无侧限抗压强度有所增长,并且存在一个峰值点,合肥膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度所对应的最佳掺粉煤灰率约为15 %～20 %。     

Role of curing temperature in progress of lime-soil reactions

An expansive black cotton soil was used to assess if ambient temperature influences the progress of lime-soil reactions. Lime-soil mixes containing lime additions above the Lime Modification Optimum (or Initial Consumption of Lime value) of the expansive black cotton soil was cured for periods ranging from 1 hour to 400 days at 25°C. The curing temperature of 25°C is representative of mean temperatures occurring in semi-arid regions of Karnataka, India. The in situ progress of lime treatment was monitored by the use of electrical conductivity and pH measurements. The trend of decrease in conductivity and pH of the 4 and 7 lime-soil mixes suggested that pozzolanic activity commenced after 1 day of curing at 25°C. Comparatively, an earlier study by other researchers had reported that pozzolanic activity does not commence before 7 days of curing at 11.5°C for lime additions above the Lime Modification Optimum value of swelling clay. Combining the results of studies at 25°C and 11.5°C, it appears that higher ambient temperatures do accelerate the progress of lime-soil reactions.     

Numerical Simulation of Moisture Movement in Unsaturated Expansive Soil Slope Suffering Permeationq

This study develops a way of analyzing moisture movement in unsaturated expansive soil slope. The basic equations and the integrated finite difference method for moisture movement in unsaturated soils are briefly described, and the calculation code MFUS2 has been developed. The moisture movements in unsaturated expansive soil slopes suffering precipitation were simulated numerically. The simulation results show that expansion or contraction must be taken into account in an analysis model. A simplified equivalent model for calculating rainwater infiltration into expansive soil slopes has been developed. The simplified equivalent model divides the soil slope into two layers according to the extent of weathering of the soil mass at depth. Layer Ⅰ is intensively weathered and moisture can be fully evaporated or rapidly absorbed. The moisture movement parameters take into account the greater soil permeability caused by fissures. Layer Ⅱ is unweathered and the soil is basically undisturbed. The moisture movement parameters of homogeneous soils are applicable. The moisture movements in unsaturated ex- pansive soil slopes suffering precipitation were simulated numerically using the simplified equivalent model. The simulation results show that the moisture movement in the expansive soil slope under rainfall permeation mainly takes place in the extensively weathered layer Ⅰ which closely simulates the real situation.     

青海煤系复杂地层环保冲洗液体系研究及应用

为了更好地适应绿色勘查工作要求,推动地质钻探工作绿色发展,促进绿色勘查工作进步,通过室内实验研究,围绕研制的环保型冲洗液体系能否满足环境保护和钻探工程要求,开展了对环保冲洗液添加剂及体系优选实验,研制了适合青海煤系复杂地层的环保冲洗液体系,并成功在木里煤田综合工程地质勘查项目HF-4号钻孔进行了生产试验。通过室内实验研究和现场应用表明,研制的环保冲洗液体系生物毒性达到了国家环保排放标准EC₅₀≥30000 mg/L,并解决了青海煤系复杂地层孔壁易失稳等技术难题,形成了一套适合青海煤系复杂地层的环保冲洗液体系,取得了良好的社会和经济效益,表明该项技术成果有着良好的推广应用前景。     

海坨区块高效堵漏体系的优化与应用

海坨区块的地层破裂压力较低,存在大量的天然裂缝,钻井过程中极易发生渗透性漏失和失返性漏失,从而引发井壁失稳。针对海坨区块存在的严重漏失问题,制备了一种随钻堵漏纤维YTZ,同时优选出了与基浆配伍良好的复合植物纤维XA、快速封堵剂KF,提高了钻井液稳定井壁的能力。通过3种堵漏材料的复配,形成了一套适合海坨区块的堵漏体系和科学有效的施工技术,有效解决了海坨区块的各种井漏问题,确保了钻井及完井施工的顺利进行,减少了由于漏失带来的经济损失。该堵漏体系在现场应用中体现了良好的封堵效果,值得在海坨区块进一步推广应用。