原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的二例报告

本文报导了２例少见的颅内肿瘤－非何杰金化恶性淋巴瘤。通常认为和免疫抑制剂的使用和获得性免疫缺陷有关。该病无特异的临床症状，术前极难确诊。ＣＴ形像类似脑膜瘤，ＣＴ导向下的针刺活检或手术活检能获得更确的组织学诊断。目前提倡组织学确诊后放疗联合进行。     

油基解卡液处理粘附卡钻事故的分析与应用

深井钻探技术发展到现在有了突飞猛进的提高,而且日趋成熟。但地热井在施工过程中,经常发生一些孔内事故在所难免。发生事故以后需认真分析事故发生的原因,尽快制定针对性的处理方案和程序,科学合理地去处理。以晋中一个经常发生孔内粘附卡钻事故的地热井施工为工程实例,分析了发生粘附卡钻事故的诸多原因,制定出处理粘附卡钻事故的方法。通过解卡机理,设定油基解卡液的性能和配置方法,准确进行注入量计算,在注入时掌握技术工艺要点,获得了良好的处理粘附卡钻事故的效果。     

Swelling model study of expansive soil at K-0 and triaxial stress stateEI北大核心CSCD

A series of swelling tests is performed on a typical Nanyang expansive soil with medium swelling capacity compacted at various initial densities and water contents. The swelling tests are separately conducted using the conventional oedometer to confine the lateral swelling of the soil specimens, and using the GDS triaxial apparatus to allow the free volumetric swelling. The multiple nonlinear mathematical method is adopted to obtain the lateral swelling model (i.e. K-0 model), which fully considers the coupled effect of initial degree of compaction, moisture content and overburden pressure on the swelling strain. Also, an empirical model for the relationship between spherical stress and volumetric strain is proposed by triaxial swelling test. Based on the K-0 swelling model, a formula is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the swell potential, and also a theoretical calculation method is derived to determine the processing layer thickness of expansive soil slope. Based on the assumption that volumetric swelling strain only changes with spherical stress and is not affected by the deviatoric stress, the correlations between the K-0 model and triaxial model are analyzed, and a method to calculate the volumetric swelling strain by only employing the K-0 model is given. Experimental results show that the proposed K-0 model with multifactor coupling is reasonable to predict the swelling potential of compacted expansive soil. It is found that the key factor to link the K-0 model and triaxial swelling model is assuming an average static lateral pressure coefficient. The average static lateral pressure coefficient tends to decreases with increasing overburden pressure by inversion method. This tendency of average static lateral pressure coefficient is believed to rely on the fact that lateral swelling pressure decreases with the increase of overburden pressure.     

复合酶制剂对中国对虾消化率的影响

添加复合酶制剂，可以提高对虾内源酶的活性，增强肝胰脏的消化作用。 对虾饲料中添加１％。复合酶制剂可使对虾总消化率和蛋白质消化率分别提高 ４．８１％和２．４６％。     

THM analysis of a large‐scale heating test incorporating material fabric changes

Engineered barriers are basic elements in the design of repositories for the isolation of high‐level radioactive waste. This paper presents the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) analysis of a clay barrier subjected to heating and hydration. The study focuses on an ongoing large‐scale heating test, at almost full scale, which is being carried out at the CIEMAT laboratory under well‐controlled boundary conditions. The test is intensely instrumented and it has provided the opportunity to study in detail the evolution of the main THM variables over a long period of time. Comprehensive laboratory tests carried out in the context of the FEBEX and NF‐PRO projects have allowed the identification of the model parameters to describe the THM behaviour of the compacted expansive clay. A conventional THM approach that assumes the swelling clay as a single porosity medium has been initially adopted to analyse the evolution of the test. The model was able to predict correctly the global THM behaviour of the clay barrier in the short term (i.e. for times shorter than three years), but some model limitations were detected concerning the prediction of the long‐term hydration rate. An additional analysis of the test has been carried out using a double structure model to describe the actual behaviour of expansive clays. The double structure model explicitly considers the two dominant pore levels that actually exist in the FEBEX bentonite and it is able to account for the evolution of the material fabric. The simulation of the experiment using this enhanced model provides a more satisfactory reproduction of the long‐term experimental results. It also contributes to a better understanding of the observed test behaviour and it provides a physically based explanation for the very slow hydration of the barrier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

破碎带地层钻探化学凝胶护壁堵漏技术的研究与应用

针对目前大洋钻探钻遇破碎带硬岩地层复杂情况,在总结国内外破碎带地层钻探施工中的主要技术难点与对策的基础上,结合现场施工中的实际情况,分析施工中经常遇到的破碎带地层特点,提出了应用化学凝胶技术解决破碎带地层井下复杂问题的新思路。提出了适用于不同地层温度的化学凝胶体系基本配方,通过正交试验设计,优选出了最佳体系配方,形成一套完善的适合深海钻探用高温树脂凝胶护壁作业规程。     

近十年国内钻井液降粘剂研究进展

随着能源消费持续升高,常规资源无法满足日常需求,进行深井钻探显得尤为重要。然而,井底深部高温带来的钻井液粘度增加、流变性变差等问题,致使降粘剂成为不可缺少的钻井液处理剂之一。降粘剂主要通过拆散或阻拦粘土颗粒间形成网架结构,从而达到降低钻井液粘度、改善流变性的目的。结合相关研究文献,综述近十年来国内钻井液降粘剂的研究现状,介绍了3大类降粘剂：合成聚合物类、改性天然材料类、利用工业废料制备降粘剂。针对目前存在的问题,指出未来应从分子结构设计层面研发低成本、环保、适用于高温高盐高密度钻井液的降粘剂,同时注重工业废料的利用,积极与现场应用相结合加快成果转化。近年来,合成聚合物类降粘剂研究量居多、发展最迅速,本文着重介绍了此类降粘剂的发展现状及应用前景。     

土工袋加固膨胀土边坡降雨−日晒循环试验研究

为了解复杂气候条件下土工袋加固膨胀土边坡的效果与机制,开展袋装膨胀土边坡降雨−日晒循环试验,观察并分析边坡位移变形、坡面冲刷、降雨入渗等情况,并与素膨胀土边坡进行对比。试验结果表明：素膨胀土边坡在降雨−日晒循环作用下,边坡表面产生的裂隙较多,容易出现土体流失,土工袋则具有良好的反滤和抗冲刷作用,可以减少袋内和下卧层土体的流失,保持边坡的稳定性;土工袋对膨胀土有较好的约束作用,可以有效地抑制其膨胀变形,减小因变形引发边坡失稳的可能性;土工袋有良好的排水效果,雨水能通过土工袋袋间间隙快速地排出,边坡内含水率的增加幅度较小。     

干燥失水条件下膨胀土的细观裂隙演化特征研究

干燥失水现象是引起膨胀土裂隙萌生和扩展的关键性因素,裂隙的演化过程对土体结构完整性和地基的长期稳定与安全具有重要影响。为了研究膨胀土干缩裂隙的演化特点,对原状土试样开展显微CT扫描试验,结合图像分析技术获取了土体细观裂隙的二维/三维图像与特征参数,从定性和定量角度分析了干缩裂隙的演化规律。结果表明：三维重构后的数字模型还原了膨胀土在干燥过程中的体积收缩特征,与试样实测的体积有较好的一致性;从显微CT图像中可以提取细观裂隙的量化指标,如裂隙率、裂隙数量、裂隙体积与裂隙结构特征参数等;随着含水率从24.0%下降至12.0%,膨胀土的裂隙率、裂隙体积呈增大趋势,裂隙数量呈减小趋势;根据裂隙的体积和几何形态特征将其分为连通裂隙和独立裂隙,干燥过程中连通裂隙的体积占比显著提高,独立裂隙数量不断减少;球棒模型有效地模拟了膨胀土裂隙的几何形态特征,在干燥失水过程中等效孔隙半径、喉道半径、喉道长度与孔喉配位数均有增大趋势,裂隙连通性显著增强;SEM图像表明细观裂隙的连通与黏土颗粒排列形式、粒间孔隙发育程度等存在重要关联。     

干湿-冻融循环条件下膨胀土的压缩及渗透特性变化规律

北疆供水一期工程穿越膨胀土区域,历经多次干湿-冻融循环后力学特性衰减严重,易产生渠坡局部浅层滑坡和冻胀破坏等现象。为深入研究其劣化机制,通过干湿-冻融循环条件下的压缩试验、渗透试验和SEM微观扫描试验,从宏-细-微观多角度分析其压缩和渗透指标的变化规律。研究结果表明：随干湿-冻融循环次数的增加,膨胀土整体压缩性增大,其压缩曲线可分为拟弹性段与拟塑性段;随循环次数的增加,回弹指数呈波动趋势,压缩指数与循环次数呈指数正相关,与细-微观裂隙呈线性正相关。黏土颗粒在循环作用下组成“团聚体-孔隙-填充颗粒”形式的较松散的临时结构,絮凝结构增加,各向异性减少;土样承受竖向压力时,膨胀土孔隙间距减少,压缩性较大;压力超过固结屈服应力时,团聚体颗粒扁角化、极角频率增加、孔隙压密,压缩性逐渐稳定。渗透系数在循环过程中变化分为缓慢、迅速、稳定3个阶段;渗透系数在第5次循环变化较大,第7次循环后逐渐稳定,与循环次数及表面裂隙率呈正相关趋势。渗透系数与各项微观参数的灰色关联度均大于0.65,微观孔隙率是最主要的影响因素;循环作用下微观孔隙发育明显,形成新渗流通道,渗透系数与微观孔隙率呈线性正相关。