南海宣德海域表层沉积物粒度特征及其输运趋势

对宣德海域151个表层沉积物样品进行了粒度组分、粒径参数分析,结果表明岛礁区分布有8种沉积物类型,粒度组成以砂和砾为主,粉砂和黏土相对较少。通过因子分析和聚类分析,研究区可分为4类沉积区,Ⅰ区位于研究区中心地带,Ⅱ区位于岛礁附近海域,Ⅲ区主要位于环礁中心海域,Ⅳ区主要位于宣德环礁的礁盘外沿海域。粒径趋势分析显示,沉积物输运格局与研究区水动力条件吻合,并在七连屿海域形成汇聚区。     

舟山西堠门水道潮流能资源评估及发电站选址

声音在儒艮的生命活动中起着重要的作用。为了研究儒艮发声的类型和特征,2019年3月20日至28日,在泰国立邦岛附近海域(99°25''E,7°13''N)对儒艮进行了被动声学监测。本文对泰国海域儒艮发声信号进行了细致分类,并统计了每种类型声信号的特征。将在立邦岛海域获取的野生儒艮发声信号划分为4种类型:chirp、trill、bark和 whistle。统计每种类型中高信噪比、轮廓清晰且无重叠的信号特征,结果表明:chirp为简单的窄带调频信号,持续时间大约为0.09s,基频介于0.99~12.84kHz,谐波数量为1~5;trill为调频信号,持续时间较长,一般大于0.90s,基频介于0.97~9.89kHz,有1~5次谐波;bark持续时间约0.20s,带宽范围为0.20~4.00kHz,whistle被定义为chirp和trill之间的一种过渡信号,其持续时间为0.05~0.89s,基频为1.11~7.69kHz,有1~5次谐波。这4种类型声信号所占比例各不相同,其中chirp信号占最高(比超过86%),trill和 whistle信号占比较低(分别约为7%和6%),bark信号占比最小(不到1%)。研究儒艮声信号类型和特征有利于分析儒艮的声行为,对野生儒艮的声学监测具有重要指导意义。     

Existence,morphology and structure of the Yellow Sea Warm Current Branch approaching waters offshore Qingdao,China

In this study, we focused on full-region cruise survey data, near-bottom continuous mooring observations and sea surface wind products from the western South Yellow Sea in winter; after ensuring the data reliability and accuracy, we processed and analyzed the data. Image resolution experiments were carried out to determine the lowest recognition resolutions for all image types, which represent the resolution characteristics of the data. The existence of a warm water tongue originating from the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC) that approached waters offshore Qingdao was confirmed. For the first time, a high salinity water tongue, corresponding to the warm water tongue, was described and found to be more representative of the YSWC branch path. This warm tongue is a sign of the branch originating from the YSWC, which we defined as the Yellow Sea Warm Current Branch approaching waters offshore Qingdao(YSWC-QDB). The pattern of the warm and salty water tongues showed remarkable rear, branching middle, shrinking neck and expanding top regions. These patterns showed a temporal feature of the tongues, and were the result of multi-temporal branches in front of the YSWC main section as well as the YSWC-QDB crossing the southwestward path of the extension of the North Shandong Coastal Current flowing along the southeast coast of the Shandong Peninsula(NSCC-SESE). Analysis using mooring data at a sensitive and representative station also showed the existence of the YSWC-QDB. It is a probabilistic event that manifests as a northwestward flow that decreases gradually from the bottom to the surface in the early cold air transit stage and consistent in the whole water column profile in the later stage. It varies quasi-periodically with weather processes. It also transports some of the YSWC water stored in the entrance area of the Bohai and Yellow seas under winter wind conditions to the western South Yellow Sea as a compensatory current. This current, caused by northerly winds, especially northwest winds and obstruction of the NSCC-SESE, was present, and strong water reduction and compensation caused significant residual sea level oscillations. The compensatory current, if caused by strong northwest wind,began to appear when its direction was opposite to the wind direction. In addition, confirmation of the YSWC-QDB provides an oceanographic basis for the short cooling time and rapid warming in the Qingdao area in winter. This research provides a basis for further studies of the YSWC-QDB at high spatial and temporal resolutions using large sea surface datasets. For monsoon basin dynamics, this study can also be extended to the whole Bohai and Yellow seas and closed or semi-closed basins on the continental margin.     

胶州湾东北部养殖海区环境质量状况及分析

基于2006年2月、5月、8月、11月胶州湾东北部养殖海区现场调查结果,采用单因子指数、富营养化指数、有机污染指数对环境状况进行了分析评价。结果表明:该海域主要受到无机N、P污染;COD在夏、秋季符合一类,但在冬、春季只达到国家二类海水水质标准;DO全部符合国家一类海水水质标准。通过站位间的比较发现,东北部沧口水域环境质量最差,全年处于富营养化状态,有机污染介于轻度到严重污染之间。红岛附近水质较好,不存在有机污染,只有春、秋季达到富营养化水平。研究结果显示该海域主要受陆源污染,且与现有污水处理不能有效去除无机N、P营养盐有关。     

青岛沿海风应力和海气交换研究

利用实测的海洋气象资料研究了青岛沿海海气间能通量和水汽交换情况,分析了青岛沿海40a间(1961-2000)海面风应力、海-气热通量、水汽通量的大小以及时变特征。结果表明:青岛沿海风应力冬夏季大,春秋季小,6月和12月出现峰值,分别为2.9×10-3N/m2和5.8×10-3N/m2。海面净热通量全年呈单峰变化,7月份最大,为140.4W/m2;11月份最小,为-115.0W/m2;年平均海表净热通量为23.5W/m2。海面热量收支的季节分布特征是:海面吸收的太阳短波辐射夏季大、冬季小;海表有效辐射冬季大、夏季小;海-气潜热交换季节变化呈双峰分布,极大值出现在5月和9月;海-气感热交换受海气温差控制,冬季为正,热量由海洋传向大气,夏季为负,热量由大气传向海洋。受云量影响,海面吸收的太阳短波辐射从上世纪90年代以来有所增加;海-气潜热交换的年际变化显著,40a间变动范围达33.7W/m2。海-气净热通量的年际变化也很明显,40a间变动范围达41.7W/m2,且自80年代以来呈现上升的趋势。青岛沿海年平均蒸发量大于降水量,量值分别为888.0mm和677.2mm,年平均净水汽通量为-210.8mm;蒸发量的季节分布呈双峰变化,5月和9月达极大值;多年平均7,8两个月份降水多于蒸发,其余月份蒸发多于降水。     

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.     

Hydrogeological and geochemical assessments of the Gediz Graben geothermal areas, western Anatolia, Turkey

Gediz Graben is an important area for geothermal activity in Turkey. Menderes Massif rocks consisting of gneisses, schists, marbles and granodiorite, comprise the aquifers of the geothermal systems. Neogene terrestrial sediments made up mainly of sandy and clayey conglomerates cap the systems. Gediz Graben geothermal areas are physically divided into seven main groups: Turgutlu-Urganl, Sart-Çamur, Caferbeyli, Üfürük, Kurunlu, Kavakldere-Sazdere and Alaehir geothermal areas. The third highest aquifer in Turkey temperature (182 ^°C) after Kzldere (242 ^°C) and Germencik (232 ^°C) was discovered in the Kavakldere-Sazdere area. The thermomineral waters of the Gediz Graben geothermal areas have outlet temperatures of 25^–95 ^°C and an electrical conductivity of 874–6020 S/cm. Mineralization is mostly dominated by Na⁺ (188–2027 ppm) and HCO₃^– (544–2950 ppm). Kavakldere-Sazdere area shows the highest boron content among the entire geothermal aquifers of Turkey. Major geochemical processes for thermomineral waters are carbonate and silicate dissolution and mixing.     

山东半岛近岸大气降水中的铝

根据1991－1995年间在黄海西北部的千里岩和青岛的八关山采集的雨水样品，对山东半岛近岸大气降水中铝的含量及其分布持征和影响因素进行了研究，结果表明，该区大气降水中的铝主要来自降水对陆源大气溶胶的淋洗和冲刷，具有显著的时空分布特异性，冬春季高于夏秋季，沿岸城市地带则高于远离陆地的海区，人文活动，气象条件及降水pH值是影响该地区大气降水中铝量的主要因素，通量计算显示大气沉降是陆源的铝向西北黄海输送的重要途径。     

基于Argo浮标和历史资料的热带西太平洋次表层与中层水年代变化分析

利用20世纪80年代和90年代WOD01(World Ocean Database2001)中的CTD温盐剖面资料和2000年以后Argo资料,对比分析了热带西太平洋次表层和中层水团分布的年代变化特征。分析结果表明,在这两个时期,起源于南北太平洋中高纬度海域的各次表层水和中层水,在热带西太平洋分布特征和交织在一起的总体态势基本一致,水团性质的年代变化不大。这与上述两个时段全球海洋-大气耦合系统趋于正常状态相吻合。通过辨识和跟踪表征次表层水性质的盐度极大值,发现南太平洋热带水沿西边界向北扩散程度有所加大,由前一时期的5°N,进一步扩散到6°~7°N;北太平洋热带水在西边界附近的向南扩散程度有所削弱,在2002-2005年间只向南扩散到4°N,而前一个时期则可向南扩散到2°N。通过辨识表征中层水性质的盐度极小值,南极中层水在西边界附近向北扩散程度有所加大,在2002-2005年到达13°N附近,而前一个时期只到达11°N;同期,北太平洋中层水在西边界附近的向南扩散程度有所削弱。上述年代变化与全球水循环强度的变化之间有何关系有待进一步研究。     

长江口以南我国沿岸海域经济贝类中的重金属

本文报道了长江口以南我国沿岸海域经济贝类中各重金属的含量及其分布趋势。结果表明，各种贝类体内Zn的含量总是最高，Hg的含量总是最低。各重金属平均含量一般呈Zn＞Cu＞As≈Cd＞Cr≈Pb＞Hg的排列顺序。该海域牡蛎的Hg、Pb、Cr、As的含量低，区域分布较均匀；Cu、Zn、Cd的含量相差悬殊，以珠海海区牡蛎的Cu、Zn、Cd含量最高，分别为431×10-6～474×106，864×10-6～1044×10-6，7．02×10-6～8．25×10-6（m／m），其主要原因可能是工业排污造成的。本调查牡蛎分布较广，对Cu、Zn、Cd有较强的积累能力，推荐它为我国局部海域海洋污染监测Cu、Zn、Cd的指示生物。