Stable Sulfur Isotopic Evidence for Historical Changes of Sulfur Cycling in Estuarine Sediments from Northern Florida

Data on abundance and isotopic composition of porewater and sedimentary sulfur species are reported for relatively uncontaminated and highly contaminated fine-grained anoxic sediments of St. Andrew Bay, Florida. A strong contrast in amount and composition of sedimentary organic matter at the two sites allows a comparative study of the historical effects of increased organic loading on sulfur cycling and sulfur isotopic fractionation. In the contaminated sediments, an increase in organic loading caused increased sedimentary carbon/sulfur ratios and resulted in higher rates of bacterial sulfate reduction, but a lower efficiency of sulfide oxidation. These differences are well reflected in the isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate, sulfide, and sedimentary pyrite. Concentration and isotopic profiles of dissolved sulfate, organic carbon, and total sulfur suggest that the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter is most active in the upper 8cm but proceeds at very slow rates below this depth. The rapid formation of more than 90% of pyrite in the uppermost 2 cm which corresponds to about 3 years of sediment deposition allows the use of pyrite isotopic composition for tracing changing diagenetic conditions. Sediment profiles of the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite reflect present-day higher rates of bacterial sulfate reduction and lower rates of sulfide oxidation, and record a profound change in the diagenetic cycling of sulfur in the contaminated sediments coincident with urban and industrial development of the St. Andrew Bay area.     

Creation of Temperate-Climate Intertidal Mudflats: Factors Affecting Colonization and Use by Benthic Invertebrates and their Bird Predators

Colonization of a recreated area of intertidal land by marine invertebrates and their bird predators was studied from April 1993 to August 1997. The most important food of large shorebirds, the ragworm Nereis diversicolor, did not reappear until late summer 1995 and did not become abundant until the following autumn. Annual attempts at colonization by the crustacean Corophium volutator, the main food of several small shorebird species, failed until summer 1996 when animals survived through the subsequent winter for the first time. Colonization by the mud-snail Hydrobia ulvae took place a year after flooding of the site, but densities in 1997 were still well below those found elsewhere on the adjacent estuary.

The delay in successful colonization by Nereis and Corophium may be attributable in part to the compaction of the intertidal muds caused by the earthmoving equipment used to contour the site. The slow increase in Hydrobia density may be a consequence of low organic content of the mud. Bird use is concentrated chiefly during the hours when the adjacent estuarine mudflats (with unrestricted tidal flow) are covered by the tide, since the new site then provides a supplementary feeding area. Peak daytime usage occurs during the migratory passage periods when birds need to feed for longer periods than usual, in order to refuel for their migrations; high usage is also anticipated in cold winters.

On this evidence, creation of intertidal areas in mitigation for any lost nearby to industrial or other development should take place at least three years before the losses, in order to make the new areas profitable for feeding waterfowl.     

Chemical and isotopic variations in fumarolic discharge and thermal waters at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) during 1996: evidence of resumed volcanic activity

Gas samples from some fumaroles at ‘La Fossa' crater and Baia di Levante on Vulcano Island and from a diffuse soil gas emission were analysed during 1995–1996, along with water samples from thermal wells in the area of Vulcano Porto. During 1996, we observed a significant increase both in the gas/steam ratio and in the CO₂ concentration, as well as strong variations in δ¹³C_CO2, δD_H2O and δ¹⁸O_H2O of fumarolic gases. These variations are probably related to an increased inflow of deep fluids of magmatic origin. The temperatures of fumaroles did not show remarkable variations except for fumarole F11. In this case, temperature increased by about 80°C from February to August 1996. During the same period, remarkable variations in temperature, phreatic level and chemical and isotopic composition of water were also recorded in one of the geothermal wells in the Vulcano Porto area (Camping Sicilia; T60°C). The observed variations in this well are probably related to a pressure build-up, occurring at least in the surficial part of the system, because of increased gas flux and/or decreased permeability of the fumarolic degassing system. Chemical and isotopic composition of the water showed that during this evolutionary phase, the content of fumarolic condensate in this well was about 80 to 90%. Based on the observation of physical and chemical variables of the Camping Sicilia fluids, during this phase of activity, it is concluded that this area is affected by a phreatic eruption hazard if a volcanic episode with high energy discharge in a limited time span occurs. It follows that this well may be considered as a preferential point for volcanic activity monitoring, both in the case of normal routine surveillance and in the case of inaccessibility to the crater area.     

浙江宁波协和石油化工厂附近水域浮游植物的研究

对１９９３年８月（夏季）和１２月（冬季）在协和石化厂区附近水域获得的浮游植物样品作了鉴定和分析。结果表明,调查区共有浮游植物４门２９属６０种,可划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群和温带性类群。浮游植物细胞丰度达６６×１０３～２１０７×１０３个／ｍ３。具有明显的季节变化。冬季平均细胞丰度（７４６．６×１０３±６３０．８×１０３个／ｍ３）大于夏季（２０１．８×１０３±１４６．８×１０３个／ｍ３）。主要优势种为中肋骨条藻,琼氏圆筛藻和有棘圆筛藻。浮游植物丰度的昼夜变化有随着日照增强而增高的趋势,最高细胞丰度（１０２２１×１０３个／ｍ３）出现在１２时。影响浮游植物丰度分布的主要环境因子是径流、水温和日照等。     

台湾东北和西北部沿岸海域的浮游多毛类

本文报道东北季风初期台湾东北和西北部沿岸海域的浮游多毛类,计１１种。文中对２种新纪录种类作了描述。     

基于时序InSAR的珠江口大面积地面沉降监测

珠江口是我国沿海地面沉降灾害较严重地区之一,长期地面沉降威胁着人类生产生活的质量和安全。针对传统InSAR在河口等沿海地区空间采样率不足的现状,采用基于KS检验和特征分解的DS-InSAR时序分析方法,获得了珠江口地区2015—2018年间地面沉降监测数据,并分析了几处沉降严重地区的沉降特征和原因。采用的DS-InSAR方法在沥青路面、裸土等非城市区域提取了较大密度的高相干点,提高了时序InSAR形变反演的精度。研究表明,研究区域总体呈地面沉降趋势且分布不均匀,珠江三角洲西北部和东南部为主要沉降区,最大沉降速率可达25 mm/a,珠江口西岸沉降相对东岸分布更广,沉降量更大。     

南沙海洋沉积物中生物标志化合物的组成及地化意义

对１９９０年取自南沙海域１０２站位岩芯柱样中饱和烃进行色谱－质谱分析，研究沉积物中生物标志化合物组成和地球化学意义，结果表明，正构烷烃，类异戊二烯烷烃，甾烷和藿烷组成特征指示了其先质主要为海洋浮游生物和细菌，部分为陆源高等植物，反映了南沙海洋沉积有机质起源于这些生物，较丰富的胡萝卜烷在和Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ比值低，说明沉积环境具强还原性，随沉积物理埋藏深度增加，藿烷和藿烷以及藿烷异体之间，均存在明显的成岩转     

南沙群岛海区晚第四纪深海碳酸盐沉积作用

根据５个柱样分析，讨论了冰期一间冰期碳酸盐沉积作用变化，南沙海区碳酸盐旋回在３５００ｍ以浅表现为大西洋旋回，源于冰期陆源碎屑物质的稀释作用，相反，在３５００ｍ以下出现太平洋碳酸钙旋回，文中根据浮游有孔虫的溶解指数和种属数量讨论了冰期－间冰期溶解作用变化。     

东沙群岛西南海域单站潮流及温盐特征分析

利用东沙群岛西南海域定点站（２０°４１’Ｎ,１１５°４９’Ｅ）３个航次观测的海流、水温资料及同期的温、盐度断面资料,用谱分析方法对该站海流、水温时间序列进行分析。结果表明,该站海流和水温的时间变化都具有明显的全日周期和半日周期波动的特征,潮流为不规则全日潮,主轴顺时针方向旋转。内潮为全日内潮占优,且具有间歇特征。和总流动类似,斜压运动也主要是顺时针方向旋转的。     

厦门沿岸海域贝类适养面积和可养量的估算

分析了厦门沿岸海域贝类养殖的发展与现状及其目前面临的主要问题。通过统计分析估计了贝类的适养面积,应用能流分析法和营养动态模式估算了贝类的可养量。估算结果贝类的适养面积约５５００ｈｍ＾２,可养殖量为１００２２５ｔ。