浙闽近岸海域表层沉积物稀土元素的物源指示

通过对浙闽泥质区近岸海域的151个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流的71个表层沉积物样品进行粒度和稀土元素测试分析,研究了该区的稀土元素分布、Eu和Ce异常、稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化和上陆壳标准化配分曲线特征等。对研究区表层沉积物与长江、瓯江、闽江表层沉积物的稀土元素进行对比,以Ce/La和Sm/Nd作为元素对进行FD判别函数分析,结果表明研究区表层沉积物并不是单一物源形成,是长江、闽江、瓯江共同作用的结果。为了探究3条河流对浙闽近岸海域影响程度的大小,用物源指数进行判别,结果表明,3条河流对研究区内陆架、外陆架的影响程度都是长江＞瓯江＞闽江,内陆架表层沉积物中长江源占有明显优势,外陆架表层沉积物物源比内陆架更复杂,3条河流的混合作用更明显。     

利用MODIS图像反演海岸带气溶胶光学特性

针对中国沿海地区海洋表面高反射率和强吸收性气溶胶粒子多的特点,提出了利用卫星图像反演该区域气溶胶光学特性的新算法。以MODIS图像为例进行研究,首先利用气溶胶观测站对中国海岸带气溶胶粒子的长期观测数据统计出气溶胶粒子模式;再应用线性分层离散坐标法对这些气溶胶模式计算出不同气溶胶光学厚度和不同几何条件下的表观反射率组成的查找表;然后利用MODIS长波段的图像和查找表完成浑浊水域上空的大气气溶胶光学特性的反演;最后采用清洁日地基观测结果对该算法的正确性和适用性进行了验证。     

我国南部海域条纹斑竹鲨线粒体DNA控制区遗传多态性研究

摘要:在对我国南部沿海闽东、闽南、粤西、海南、北部湾5个海域的条纹斑竹鲨群体线粒体控制区多态性研究中,获得长度为1 094~1 096 bp的线粒体控制区完整序列。序列比对发现了6个多态性核苷酸位点,定义了8个单倍型。5个群体的单倍型多样度(h=0.542 5~0.744 8)和核苷酸多样度(π=0.000 571~0.000 980)均处于较低水平,说明条纹斑竹鲨的线粒体DNA进化速率较低。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示群体间的遗传差异较小(Fst=0.216 26,P<0.000 1),变异主要发生在群体内部。10 000步Markov链计算的群体间遗传分化概率及单倍型系统地理学分析结果将5个群体分成两个地理种群(台湾海峡种群、南海北部种群)。综合分析表明条纹斑竹鲨的基因流主要在浅海近岸水域扩散,遗传变异程度受地理结构和距离隔离影响。     

南流江口洲滩景观过程研究

热带小河口洲滩景观格局对外部环境作用的影响极为敏感,是潮滩水沙、地貌及植被耦合作用的结果。本文将遥感技术和景观生态学方法相结合,探讨了北部湾南流江口洲滩的景观特征及时空变化过程。主要结果表明:2005—2019年南流江河口洲滩景观要素自陆向海呈现红树林(桐花树、秋茄)、茳芏及光滩格局,在此期间内的洲滩景观多样性指数低、景观破碎化指数高。红树林、茳芏与光滩景观类型优势度Do值大致相等。同时,红树林与茳芏的扩张导致其面积持续增加而光滩面积减少。红树林、茳芏与光滩三者相互竞争又相互促进,河口潮滩景观处于快速发育阶段。研究结果有助于对热带小河口洲滩植被演化格局的认识,为热带河口地区生态恢复与湿地管理提供理论支撑。     

稀有气体同位素地球化学研究进展

火山玻璃及地幔包体中的稀有气体是地内信息的有效示踪剂,对其研究对追溯岩浆起源、探讨地幔特征与结构等具有重要意义.在此对稀有气体同位素地球化学研究现状、稀有气体在不同构造环境中的表现及其在岩浆起源、成因、地幔结构等方面的探讨,以及对稀有气体在油气、金属矿体、地表水体、测年、地震等灾害中的研究与应用情况进行简述.     

基于GIS的近30年长江口及其邻近海域赤潮时空分布特征研究

收集了1990年—2019年长江口及其邻近海域(120°30'E～123°30'E,29°00'N～32°30'N)记载的赤潮事件,基于GIS软件对所有赤潮事件进行整理,分析了赤潮的时空分布规律,并绘制长江口及邻近海域赤潮分布图.结果表明:近30年来,长江口及其邻近海域赤潮经历了先升高后下降的过程,赤潮次数共计144次...     

Emerging organic contaminants in coastal waters: Anthropogenic impact,environmental release and ecological risk

This study provides a first estimate of the sources, distribution, and risk presented by emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan. Ten illicit drugs, seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), five antibiotics, two blood lipid regulators, two antiepileptic drugs, two UV filters, caffeine, atenolol, and omeprazole were analyzed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS/MS). Thirteen EOCs were detected in coastal waters, including four NSAIDs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and codeine), three antibiotics (ampicillin, erythromycin, and cefalexin), three illicit drugs (ketamine, pseudoephedrine, and MDMA), caffeine, carbamazepine, and gemfibrozil. The median concentrations for the 13 EOCs ranged from 1.47 ng/L to 156 ng/L. Spatial variation in concentration of the 13 EOCs suggests discharge into coastal waters via ocean outfall pipes and rivers. Codeine and ampicillin have significant pollution risk quotients (RQ > 1), indicating potentially high risk to aquatic organisms in coastal waters.     

Application of oxidative stress indices in natural populations of Perna viridis as biomarker of environmental pollution

Oxidative stress indices were measured in gills and digestive glands of Perna viridis collected from three coastal locations in Goa i.e., Bambolim, Marmugao Harbour and Malim. In addition to lipid peroxidation, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase and two non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione) were investigated in order to understand their variation with respect to pollution status of the sampling locations. We observed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of both the tissues at Mormugao Harbour and Malim, suggesting that the animals at these two locations are at higher level of oxidative stress as compared to those at Bambolim. Conversely, low levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione, observed at Mormugao Harbour and Malim indicate that the animals may use these compounds to counteract stress in the tissues. This study shows that changes in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and reduced glutathione in tissues of P. viridis can be used as molecular biomarkers in environmental monitoring programs.     

Horizontal distribution and population dynamics of the dominant mysid Hyperacanthomysis longirostris along a temperate macrotidal estuary (Chikugo River estuary, Japan)

The estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) that develops in the lower salinity areas of macrotidal estuaries has been considered as an important nursery for many fish species. Mysids are one of the dominant organisms in the ETM, serving as a key food source for juvenile fish. To investigate the horizontal distribution and population dynamics of dominant mysids in relation to the fluctuation of physical conditions (temperature, salinity, turbidity, and freshwater discharge), we conducted monthly sampling (hauls of a ring net in the surface water) along the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary in Japan from May 2005 to December 2006. Hyperacanthomysis longirostris was the dominant mysid in the estuary, usually showing peaks of density and biomass in or close to the ETM (salinity 1–10). In addition, intra-specific differences (life-cycle stage, sex, and size) in horizontal distribution were found along the estuary. Larger males and females, particularly gravid females, were distributed upstream from the center of distribution where juveniles were overwhelmingly dominant. Juveniles increased in size toward the sea in marked contrast with males and females. The findings suggest a possible system of population maintenance within the estuary; gravid females release juveniles in the upper estuary, juveniles grow during downstream transport, young males and females mature during the upstream migration. Density and biomass were primarily controlled by seasonal changes of temperature, being high at intermediate temperatures (ca. 15–25 °C in late spring and fall) and being low at the extreme temperatures (ca. 10 °C in midwinter and 30 °C in midsummer). High density (up to 666 ind. m⁻³) and biomass (up to 168 mg dry weight m⁻³) of H. longirostris were considered to be comparable with those of copepods in the estuary.     

山东宁津附近海域大型底栖动物群落结构及季节变化

根据2009年11月至2010年8月在山东宁津附近海域进行4个季度月航次调查所得大型底栖动物采泥资料,运用优势度指数、物种多样性指数及Cluster聚类和MDS排序等方法,分析了该海域的大型底栖动物群落特征和季节变化。结果表明:4个航次在底泥样品中共鉴定大型底栖生物11门159种,其中,多毛类动物73种,是主要的优势类群,甲壳动物39种,软体动物25种,棘皮动物9种,其他类群共13种。主要优势种有拟特须虫、丝异蚓虫、索沙蚕、轮双眼钩虾等。宁津邻近海域年平均生物量和丰度分别为9.144g/m~2和233.90ind./m~2,均较低且存在季节性差异。丰富度指数(D)、均匀度指数(J)和多样性指数(H′)的年平均值分别为2.436、0.800和2.924,次级生产力较低,平均值仅为1.903g(AFDW)/(m~2·a)。聚类分析结果表明,秋、春航次群落分布格局均包含近岸群落和远岸群落,但各群落间界线不明显,群落结构受扰动情况不明显。