Geochemistry of the thermal waters of Sikhote Alin

This paper reports new geochemical data on the low temperature nitric thermal waters of Sikhote Alin. The studied alkaline waters belong to the HCO₃-Na type with significant trace element variations. The waters demonstrate an increase in temperature and TDS from the south northward of Sikhote Alin. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data suggest their infiltration origin. The chemical composition of these waters was formed by water-rock interaction.     

珠江口以东近海水域污损生物的组成与分布

于１９８６年５月至１９８７年６月期间,在珠江口以东近海水域,距岸分别为１５．７和７１．７ｋｍ、水深２７和７１ｋｍ两处布设Ｚ１和Ｚ２两个浮标调查站,以研究该海区污损生物的组成及分布状况。结果表明,在相对近岸的Ｚ１站,各水层的污损生物均以无柄蔓足类、海葵和双壳类及多毛类等华南沿岸海区常见种类为主,其中网纹藤壶占绝对优势;而远岸的Ｚ２站,则主要是有柄蔓足类和水螅,且生物的种类和数量也远远低于Ｚ１站。     

珠江口蕉门南水道枯季时局部高盐度区形成与机理分析

采用ROMS模型研究了珠江口蕉门南水道枯季时的局部高盐度现象。表明这一现象在大潮期发育显著,而小潮期则不明显。从动力机制上解释了这一现象的成因,揭示其形成原因为大潮期的平流输运强,涨潮时的潮程远大于凫洲水道的长度,以及大潮期径流相对较小,有利于虎门的高盐度水体输运至蕉门水道。此外,大潮期由于洪奇沥与横门来的淡水在涨潮期向北输运而导致蕉门南水道口门处盐度较低。并进一步分析了这一现象的存在对蕉门南水道水体分层、河口环流及物质输运的意义。     

厦门海域秋、冬季溶解有机氮时空分布及总溶解态氮的组成

根据2015年10月(秋季)和2016年1月(冬季)对厦门海域开展的2次水质调查,研究了该海域中溶解有机氮(DON)的时空分布特征及总溶解态氮(TDN)的组成,并探讨了DON与环境要素的相关性及其来源.结果表明:厦门海域DON浓度平均值冬季大于秋季,表层高于底层,整体呈内湾、河口区较高,湾口区低的分布格局.秋季DON浓度的空间分布为同安湾西海域九龙江口邻近海域东南海域大嶝海域,冬季为西海域同安湾九龙江口邻近海域东南海域大嶝海域.该海域秋、冬季DON浓度占比(CDON/CTDN)分别为56%和53%,DON浓度占比整体呈湾口区大、河口区及内湾小的分布特征.相关性分析表明,该海域秋、冬季表、底层DON浓度与盐度均呈极显著负相关,与磷酸盐、硅酸盐含量为极显著正相关,与叶绿素a、溶解氧、p H值存在一定相关性.厦门海域DON的来源主要有九龙江河流、城市生活污水、工农业废水等陆源输入和浮游植物活动等海源生成.     

长江口邻近海域海水pH的季节变化及其影响因素

基于对2015—2016年长江口邻近海域现场调查数据的分析,探讨了其海水pH的季节变化和影响因素。结果表明:长江口邻近海域四季pH在7.76—8.32之间,其中夏季最高,秋季最低;夏季具有明显的分层现象,冬季水体pH垂直分布相对均一。长江冲淡水对长江口邻近海域水体pH的影响是局域性的。浮游植物光合作用是影响春、夏、秋季海水pH区域分布的重要过程。春、冬季节表层海水pH分布受海-气界面CO2交换的影响较大。温度、生物作用及长江冲淡水扩展是导致长江口邻近海域表层海水pH季节变化的主要因素。     

中国近海鲐鱼资源时空分布与海洋净初级生产力的关系研究

海洋净初级生产力影响了浮游动植物的空间分布和丰度,因此决定了海洋渔业的潜在产量。本文根据2006-2015年7-9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的中国近海鲐鱼捕捞数据和海洋净初级生产力遥感数据,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）表征资源丰度,以经度和纬度重心表征空间分布,分析研究了鲐鱼资源丰度和空间分布与海洋净初级生产力的关系。研究结果表明,2006-2015年鲐鱼产量、CPUE、经度和纬度重心呈现明显的月份和年际变化,7-9月渔场内净初级生产力空间分布模式不同。频率分布结果表明7-9月鲐鱼对应的适宜净初级生产力浓度范围分别为300~500 mg/（m2·d）（以碳计,下同）,300~400 mg/（m2·d）,300~400 mg/（m2·d）。相关分析结果表明,鲐鱼资源丰度与适宜净初级生产力海域范围比例呈显著正相关,且鲐鱼纬度重心与适宜净初级生产力海域平均纬度呈显著正相关关系,这表明渔场内的净初级生产力大小和分布模式显著影响鲐鱼的资源丰度和渔场重心位置。在鲐鱼主要分布海域25°~30°N,120°~130°E范围内,鲐鱼资源丰度与净初级生产力大小呈显著负相关关系。此外,不同气候条件下鲐鱼渔场净初级生产力大小变化不同,2007年和2010年强拉尼娜年份以及2009年中强厄尔尼诺年份鲐鱼渔场范围海洋净初级生产力降低,但适宜的海洋净初级生产力范围增大,导致鲐鱼资源丰度上升;而2015年超强厄尔尼诺年份鲐鱼渔场范围内海洋净初级生产力上升,但适宜的海洋净初级生产力范围显著减小,因此鲐鱼资源丰度相对降低。研究表明,中国近海鲐鱼资源时空分布与海洋净初级生产力具有显著关联。     

两类强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对中国近海鲐鱼栖息地的影响

鲐鱼是中上层鱼类,具有较高经济价值,其种群受到气候和海洋环境的显著影响。本文根据2006-2015年7-9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的中国近海鲐鱼捕捞和海表温度以及海面高度两个关键环境因子的数据,构建了基于捕捞努力量的鲐鱼综合栖息地指数模型,分析研究了在不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜条件下鲐鱼栖息地适宜性的变动规律。通过计算和交叉验证,结果发现,基于算术平均法的栖息地模型能够较好地预测鲐鱼渔场栖息地适宜性指数。空间相关性结果表明,鲐鱼渔场主要作业海域范围内海表温度异常与栖息地指数值呈显著正相关关系,而海表面高度异常与栖息地指数值呈显著负相关关系。不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对鲐鱼种群影响不同,具体表现为:相对于中强度厄尔尼诺事件（或中强度拉尼娜事件）,超强厄尔尼诺事件（或强拉尼娜事件）驱动鲐鱼主要作业海域内温度下降（或上升）,海面高度上升（或降低）,鲐鱼渔场适宜栖息地面积显著减小（或增大）,导致鲐鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量骤减（或显著增加）。研究表明,中国近海鲐鱼栖息地适宜性与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件显著相关,且随着异常气候事件强度的不同而发生变化。     

Copper complexing ligands and organic matter characterization in the northern Adriatic Sea

The study on dissolved organic ligands capable to complex copper ions (L_T), surface-active substances (SAS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Northern Adriatic Sea station (ST 101) under the influence of Po River was conducted in period from 2006–2008. The acidity of surface-active organic material (Ac_r) was followed as well. The results are compared to temperature and salinity distributions. On that way, the contribution of the different pools of ligands capable to complex Cu ions could be determined as well as the influence of aging and transformation of the organic matter. The L_T values in the investigated period were in the range of 40–300 nmol l⁻¹. The range of DOC values for surface and bottom samples were 0.84–1.87 mg l⁻¹ and 0.80–1.30 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Total SAS concentrations in the bottom layer were 0.045–0.098 mg l⁻¹ in equiv. of Triton-X-100 while those in the surface layer were 0.050–0.143 mg l⁻¹ in equiv. of Triton-X-100. The majority of organic ligands responsible for Cu binding in surface water originate from new phytoplankton production promoted by river borne nutrients. Older, transformed organic matter, possessing higher relative acidity, is the main contributor to the pool of organic ligands that bind copper in the bottom samples. It was estimated that 9% of DOC in surface samples and 12% of DOC in the bottom samples are present as ligands capable to complex copper ions.     

Influence of allochthonous organic matter on bacterioplankton biomass and activity in a eutrophic,sub-tropical estuary

Heterotrophic bacterial and phytoplankton biomass, production, specific growth rates, and growth efficiencies were studied in the Northern region of the Cananéia–Iguape estuarine system, which has recently experienced an intense eutrophication due to anthropogenic causes. Two surveys were carried out during spring and neap tide periods of the dry season of 2005 and the rainy season of 2006. This region receives large freshwater inputs with organic seston and phosphate concentrations that reach as high as 1.0 mg l⁻¹ and 20.0 μM, respectively. Strong decreasing gradients of seston and dissolved inorganic nutrients were observed from the river/estuary boundary to the estuary/coastal interface. Gradients were also observed in phytoplankton and bacterial production rates. The production rates of phytoplankton were 5.6-fold higher (mean 8.5 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹) during the dry season. Primary production rates (PP) positively correlated with salinity and euphotic depth, indicating that phytoplankton productivity was light-limited. On the other hand, bacterial biomass (BB) and production rates (BP) were 1.9- and 3.7-fold higher, respectively, during the rainy season, with mean values of up to 40.4 μg C l⁻¹ and 7.9 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. Despite such a high BP, bacterial abundance remained <2 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹, indicating that bacterial production and removal were coupled. Mean specific growth rates ranged between 0.9 and 5.5 d⁻¹. BP was inversely correlated with salinity and positively correlated with temperature, organic matter, exopolymer particles, and particulate-attached bacteria; this last accounted for as much as 89.6% of the total abundance. During the rainy season, BP was generally much higher than PP, and values of BP/PP > 20 were registered during high freshwater input, suggesting that under these conditions, bacterial activity was predominantly supported by allochthonous inputs of organic carbon. In addition, BB probably represented the main pathway for the synthesis of high-quality (low C:N) biomass that may have been available to the heterotrophic components of the plankton food web, particularly nanoheterotrophs.