广义补偿最小二乘估计及其统计性质

分析了半参数模型最小二乘解的特点,特别指出矩阵BTPB病态或奇异时,补偿最小二乘将会失效。基于线形模型岭估计原理,提出了半参数广义补偿最小二乘估计法,给出了其估计公式及其统计性质,并通过算例分析得出了相应的结论。     

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A new method for the estimation of fine-sediment resuspension ratios in estuaries-taking the turbidity maximum zone of the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary as an example

Based on the principle of conservative matter removal in estuary,a new method is proposed for estimating the ratio of sediment resuspension in estuaries with fine suspended sediments in the turbidity maximum zone(TMZ) of the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary during 2005.Results show that there was a range of 18.7%±27.9% to 73.9%±22.5% per annum of total suspended particulate matter(SPM),with an average of 49.2%.Nearly half of the particulate matter in the TMZ originates from sediment resuspension.This indicates that sediment resuspension is one of the major mechanisms involved in formation of the TMZ.Compared with traditional method for calculating these ratios in the estuary,this new method evaluates the dynamic variation of SPM content carried by river runoff from the river mouth to the ocean.The new method produced more reliable results than the traditional one and could produce a better estimation of resuspension flux for particulate matter in estuaries.     

InSAR最小二乘相位解缠权重确定的一种新方法

雷达信号的低信噪比、地形起伏引起的阴影、遮掩以及其它种种原因造成的去相干现象导致相位数据的不连续,使得相位解缠结果出现偏差甚至是完全错误。在分析影响最小二乘相位解缠权重选择因素的基础上,将频域置信度作为权重选择方法进行相位解缠数据处理,结果表明,该方法很好地克服了最小二乘法对于相位坡度欠估计的缺点,且解缠结果具有较高精度和稳定性。     

基于Backus-Gilbert理论的孔隙介质核磁共振弛豫反演

孔隙介质核磁共振(NMR)弛豫数据的多指数反演在NMR测井和岩心分析中均非常重要.本文基于Backus-Gilbert(BG)理论,提出一种NMR弛豫多指数反演的新方法.从解的非唯一性出发,不仅构造出一种解估计,更重要的是评价各种可接受的解估计,通过引入解估计分辨率和解估计方差对解进行评价,找出最佳折中解.通过算例,比较了新方法与传统正则化方法的效果,结果表明新方法具有明显优越性,在低信噪比条件下解稳定.最后分析了新方法的影响因素.     

随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪地质导向关键技术

随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器在钻井过程中可以提供地层边界的方位及距离信息,因此在地质导向应用中发挥着重要作用,是提高油气资源开采率的重要手段.该技术是国外近十年来发展起来的前沿技术,在国内尚属空白.本文首次构思并实现了一种应用"交联天线"的随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器,并从天线结构,测量原理,数据处理以及地层电阻率成像及解释等几个方面详细阐述.交联天线由极化方向正交的线圈串绕组成,同时具有方位探测和地层背景电阻率测量的功能.通过分析交联天线的电压在仪器旋转过程中的变化规律,可以计算出仪器所在地层的电阻率,判断地层边界的方位以及估算地层边界相距仪器的距离.该随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器还包括用于常规电磁波传播电阻率测试的多频多测距补偿天线结构.结合地层电阻率测量及其在方位上的相对变化,可以实现对地层电阻率的全方位成像.该仪器在国内油田进行了多次实井测试,测试结果证明仪器能够在水平井地质导向中准确提供仪器所在地层的电阻率,以及地层边界方位和距离信息.已有实井测试结果表明仪器在油层(100Ωm)和泥岩(5Ωm)中的地层边界探测深度分别为2.2m和1.6m,平均误差在0.2m以内.     

Stochastic simulation of regionalized ground motions using wavelet packets and cokriging analysis

Performance‐based earthquake engineering often requires ground‐motion time‐history analyses to be performed, but very often, ground motions are not recorded at the location being analyzed. The present study is among the first attempt to stochastically simulate spatially distributed ground motions over a region using wavelet packets and cokriging analysis. First, we characterize the time and frequency properties of ground motions using the wavelet packet analysis. The spatial cross‐correlations of wavelet packet parameters are determined through geostatistical analysis of regionalized ground‐motion data from the Northridge and Chi‐Chi earthquakes. It is observed that the spatial cross‐correlations of wavelet packet parameters are closely related to regional site conditions. Furthermore, using the developed spatial cross‐correlation model and the cokriging technique, wavelet packet parameters at unmeasured locations can be best estimated, and regionalized ground‐motion time histories can be synthesized. Case studies and blind tests using data from the Northridge and Chi‐Chi earthquakes demonstrate that the simulated ground motions generally agree well with the actual recorded data. The proposed method can be used to stochastically simulate regionalized ground motions for time‐history analyses of distributed infrastructure and has important applications in regional‐scale hazard analysis and loss estimation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测边控制网的精度分析及应用

通过对测边控制网精度严密的估算和实例分析,从理论和实践上皆证明,经过精心的设计和施测前的仪器、设备细致而周密的检校,测边控制网的精度能够满足平均边长较短的精密控制网的要求,并且相对于其他网型的控制网有其显著的效率优势和灵活的布网优势。     

基于ENVISAT ASAR数据的森林蓄积量估测研究

以东北大兴安岭地区的图强林业局作为试验区,基于统计方法对多时相ENVISAT ASAR数据进行森林蓄积量估测研究,分别选取HH、HV及HV/HH值分析森林蓄积量与SAR后向散射系数之间的关系;根据其散点图形状进行方程拟合及优选,完成蓄积量的估测。利用独立的检验样本对估测结果进行评价,均方根误差(RMSE)为16.526 m3/hm2,与实际情况基本相符。     

山东沿岸多年一遇最高水位计算

应用山东沿岸各海洋站(日照、青岛、乳山口、威海、烟台、龙口、羊角淘)最近几十年各年最高水位数据和极值Ⅰ型(Gumbel)分布理论,对山东沿岸多年一遇最高水位进行了概率计算.给出的各海洋站Gumbel理论曲线与实测值的经验频率之间符合较好(绝对误差在10 cm以下).研究表明,应用极值Ⅰ型(Gumbel)理论对山东沿岸各海洋站多年一遇最高水位的概率推算是可靠的.这些结果对山东省近岸、近海海洋工程开发建设有一定参考意义.