GPS载波相位观测值处理方法的等价性

利用 GPS 载波相位观测值进行定位有多种方法,这些方法之间是相互联系的。本文改进了多余参数消除理论的等价条件,使之不仅适合于差分法,也适合于中心化非差法;并根据这一等价条件从理论上严格地证明了差分法、中心化非差法及 Goad 非差法同基本相位法的等价性;而由此出发进行的方法综述,则对实际应用具有一定的指导意义。     

复数域与实数域最小二乘平差的等价性研究

针对等精度独立观测条件下的同一平差问题,从理论上证明复数域与实数域最小二乘平差结果的等价性,并指出复平差方法在函数模型表达上的简便特点。基于常用的图像几何校正多项式模型构造复数域多项式模型,并设计一阶和二阶多项式图像校正算例。结果表明,两种方法的平差结果完全相同,但复数域平差方法的参数维数和法矩阵阶数仅为实数域平差方法的一半。     

A Cosmological Explanation to the Pioneer Anomaly

An earlier paper introduced a new cosmological theory based on the proposition that all four metrical coefficients of space and time change with the cosmological expansion. Such a universal scale expansion would preserve the four-dimensional spacetime geometry and therefore by general relativity most physical relationships. In addition, if the scale expansion were exponential with time, all epochs would be equivalent. The theory resolves several outstanding problems with the standard model based on the Big Bang concept and better agrees with observations. Four independent observational programs support the SEC theory, which also provides an explanation to the Pioneer anomaly. A possible resolution to the recently discovered discrepancies between optical observations of the planets and their ephemerides is proposed.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Redundant Spaces in Cities and Regions? Studies in Industrial Decline and Social Change . J. Anderson, S. Duncan and R. Hudson. eds. The Social Consequences and Challenges of New Agricultural Technologies . Gigi M. Berardi and Charles C. Geisler, eds. Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. I, Supply and Demand for Children . Rodolfo A. Bultao and Ronald D. Lee, eds. Computer Mapping: Progress in the‘80s . James R. Carter. Washington: Colonial Africa . A. J. Christopher. Geography of the Soviet Union . J. P. Cole. Chicago Mapmakers, Essays on the Rise of the City's Map Trade . Michael P. Conzen, ed. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England . William Cronon. Mizner's Florida: American Resort Architecture . Donald W. Curl. Geographical Studies on the Soviet Union: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris . George Demko and Roland J. Fuchs, eds. Fluvial Hydrology . S. Lawrence Dingman. Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle For a Precious Resource . Charles T. DuMars, Marilyn O'Leary and Albert E. Utton. Women in the Cities of Asia: Migration and Urban Adaptation . James T. Fawcett, Siew-Ean Khoo, and Peter C. Smith, eds. America's National Parks and Their Keepers . Ronald A. Foresta. Neighborhood Revitalization and the Postindustrial City . Dennis E. Gale. China in Canada: A Dialogue on Resources and Development . R. Louis Gentilcore, ed. China: The 80s Era . Norton Ginsburg and Bernard A. Lalor, eds. Boulder, CO: Global Resources: Challenges of Interdependence . Martin I. Glassner, ed. River Networks . Texas: A Geography . Terry G. Jordan with John L. Bean, Jr. and William M. Holmes. The American Frontier: An Archaeological Study of Settlement Pattern and Process . Kenneth E. Lewis. Water Resources, Geography and Law . Olen Paul Matthews. A Field Guide to American Houses . Virginia and Lee McAlester. Population: Patterns, Dynamics, and Prospects . James L. Newman and Gordon E. Matzke. Wood, Brick, and Stone, The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1: Houses . Allen G. Noble. Historical Analysis in Geography . William Norton. The Displaced Worker and Community Response: Case Study of Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio . H. Milton Patton and Janet W. Patton. Disaster Management: Warning Response and Community Relocation . Ronald W. Perry and Alvin H. Muskatel. The Anthropology of Space: Explorations into the Natural Philosophy and Semantics of the Navajo . Rik Pinxten, Ingrid van Dooren, and Frank Harvey. What STYLE Is It? A Guide To American Architecture . John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers, Jr., and Nancy B. Schwartz. Appalachia: A Regional Geography—Land, People and Development . Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack. An Introduction to Urban Geography . John R. Short. Ford, A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland: A Case Study of Repopulation and Social Change in a Small Community . John B. Stephenson. Income and Jobs: USA Diagnosing the Reality . George Sternlieb and James W. Hughes. Weather and Climate of the Antarctic . W. Schwerdtfeger. History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland, James C. Malin . Robert P. Swierenga, ed. Optimal Control of Spatial Systems . K. C. Tan and R. J. Bennett. Social Science and Revolutions . Stan Taylor. The Global Textile Industry . Brian Toyne, Jeffrey S. Arpan, David A. Ricks, Terence A. Shimp and Andy Barnett. Integrated Water Development: Water Use and Conservation Practice in Western Colorado . James L. Wescoat, Jr. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Maps and Graphics for the Visually Handicapped . Joseph W. Wiedel, ed.     

p-范分布密度函数的形式差异辨析与统一

分析了产生p-范分布密度函数形式差异的原因,改进了p-范分布公式推导过程中的两个问题,证明了两种不同形式的p-范分布密度函数等价,有利于p-范分布理论在测量数据处理中的推广应用。