应用抗差估计理论分析2000国家重力基本网

应用抗差估计理论，结合2000国家重力基本网的实际数据。通过大量的试算对2000国家重力基本网的数据进行分析比较，提出了符合2000国家重力基本网平差计算的抗差估计方法。     

中国城市的网络地位及影响因素研究——基于上市公司500强企业网络视角

利用2016年中国上市公司500强企业网络数据和隶属联系方法构建城市网络,解析了中国城市的网络地位分异格局,并定量测度了城市网络地位的影响因素,在城市网络"行为-结构-绩效"分析框架下解释了地位分异的动力机制。研究发现:正则等价性模型识别的15个正则等价块分化为首位者、经纪人、接收者和孤立者4个地位类型;地位间关系呈现"核心-半边缘-边缘"结构特征,其中首位者地位的正则等价块形成凝聚子群并占据网络权力的核心,经纪人和接收者地位的块位于半边缘位置,孤立者地位的块处于网络权力的边缘;市场潜力、政治资源、知识资本、区位条件和发展基础是中国城市网络地位的关键影响因素;规模偏好、择优选择、地理临近和路径依赖构成了城市网络地位分异的动力机制。城市网络的发展倾向于扩大城市间发展差距,中国城市化政策和城市治理体系需要做出相应调整。     

GPS载波相位观测值处理方法的等价性

利用 GPS 载波相位观测值进行定位有多种方法,这些方法之间是相互联系的。本文改进了多余参数消除理论的等价条件,使之不仅适合于差分法,也适合于中心化非差法;并根据这一等价条件从理论上严格地证明了差分法、中心化非差法及 Goad 非差法同基本相位法的等价性;而由此出发进行的方法综述,则对实际应用具有一定的指导意义。     

Hydroclimate controls over seasonal sediment yield in two adjacent High Arctic watersheds

Interannual variations in seasonal sediment transfer in two High Arctic non‐glacial watersheds were evaluated through three summers of field observations (2003–2005). Total seasonal discharge, controlled by initial watershed snow water equivalence (SWE) was the most important factor in total seasonal suspended sediment transfer. Secondary factors included melt energy, snow distribution and sediment supply. The largest pre‐melt SWE of the three years studied (2004) generated the largest seasonal runoff and disproportionately greater suspended sediment yield than the other years. In contrast, 2003 and 2005 had similar SWE and total runoff, but reduced runoff intensity resulted in lower suspended sediment concentrations and lower total suspended sediment yield in 2005. Lower air temperatures at the beginning of the snowmelt period in 2003 prolonged the melt period and increased meltwater storage within the snowpack. Subsequently, peak discharge and instantaneous suspended sediment concentrations were more intense than in the otherwise warmer 2005 season. The results for this study will aid in model development for sediment yield estimation from cold regions and will contribute to the interpretation of paleoenvironmental records obtained from sedimentary deposits in lakes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MXD/MDB文件基准转换方法研究及软件实现

国家CGCS2000坐标系统启用后原有大批量、多种类测绘成果向CGCS2000转换和统一已经成为亟待解决的核心技术问题之一。顾及图件转换的适用性,详细分析研究了两种常见坐标转换方案(四参数法和七参数法)在中国不同区域范围的精度差异及其影响因素,给出了两种方法在中国境内的厘米级转换精度的等效范围;进一步分析了基于MDB数据库存储的地形图格式的数据结构,给出了基于MXD/MDB文件的图形转换方案和流程,基于Arc Engine予以软件实现。最后通过多个省市地区实测成果文件验证了转换方案和转换软件的可靠性和实用性。     

非差增强信息与差分虚拟观测数据的等价变换理论

针对目前非差精密单点定位增强信息无法直接用于RTK(real time kinematic)相对定位的问题,研究了基于附加坐标约束的参考站非差精密单点模糊度固定解提取非差改正信息的方法,并建立了非差增强信息与虚拟参考站观测信息等价变换模型,重点论述了空间状态域信息(state space representation,SSR)在等价变换中的区别应用。根据RTK模糊度部分固定技术,利用实测数据设计实验证明了算法的正确性与可用性。结果表明,虚拟零基线可获得与网络RTK同等精度的定位效果,从而实现了区域增强系统在非差与差分模式上的高度统一。     

Formal Difference Analysis and Unification on p-Norm Distribution Density Functions

IntroductionEarlyin 1965 ,a researcher fromFormer SovietUnion put forwardp-norm distribution densityfunction of one variable[1].In 1980 ,an Ameri-can researcher also gave an analogous conclu-sion[2]. In 1993 , a Chinese researcher , SunHaiyan also deduced…     

The Frequency (or Time) -Temperature Equivalence of Relaxation in Saturated Rocks

Laboratory data on dry and saturated rocks show that pore fluid has the most important effect on rock attenuation. It is known that viscous and inertial coupling between the frame of a porous rock and its pore fluid dissipates seismic energy by conversion to heat and hence cause attenuation. We show that attenuation peaks, in saturated rock have the same property as that of typical thermally activated relaxations. In the frequency domain, a plot of attenuation versus frequency shows an obvious systematic shift to higher frequencies with increasing temperatures. Similarly, the attenuation versus temperature curve moves to higher temperature with increasing frequencies. The attenuation peaks are somewhat broader than that for a Zener relaxation. A Cole-Cole distribution of relaxation times closely matches the attenuations. This behavior can be explained theoretically by local flow mechanisms.     

Applying Four Different Risk Models in Local Ore Selection

Given the uncertainty in grade at a mine location, a financially risk-averse decision-maker may prefer to incorporate this uncertainty into the ore selection process. A FORTRAN program risksel is presented to calculate local risk-adjusted optimal ore selections using a negative exponential utility function and three dominance models: mean-variance, mean-downside risk, and stochastic dominance. All four methods are demonstrated in a grade control environment. In the case study, optimal selections range with the magnitude of financial risk that a decision-maker is prepared to accept. Except for the stochastic dominance method, the risk models reassign material from higher cost to lower cost processing options as the aversion to financial risk increases. The stochastic dominance model usually was unable to determine the optimal local selection.     

复数域与实数域最小二乘平差的等价性研究

针对等精度独立观测条件下的同一平差问题,从理论上证明复数域与实数域最小二乘平差结果的等价性,并指出复平差方法在函数模型表达上的简便特点。基于常用的图像几何校正多项式模型构造复数域多项式模型,并设计一阶和二阶多项式图像校正算例。结果表明,两种方法的平差结果完全相同,但复数域平差方法的参数维数和法矩阵阶数仅为实数域平差方法的一半。