基于“S”型函数的隧道开挖变形预测模型

基于不同开挖阶段围岩阶段变形曲线几何特征,提出一种基于"S"型函数的隧道开挖全过程变形预测模型,实现隧道开挖全过程中的围岩变形预测。对比分析了常用"S"型函数适应性,建立了基于Logistic模型的隧道围岩变形分析模型,模型精度控制在2%以内,并提出了模型参数辨识过程。利用Logistic隧道围岩变形模型,讨论了隧道开挖瞬时变形特征,提出了一种求解隧道瞬时开挖变形值的方法,计算出不同工程条件下瞬时变形值处于2. 192～43. 288 mm,瞬时位移占最终位移的6. 61%～18. 33%。以马尾山隧道为工程实例,建立了具体的工程隧道围岩变形模型,得到隧道开挖瞬时位移值处于1. 041～9. 475 mm,瞬时位移占总位移比值处于5. 52%～36. 44%。     

基于GIS对松花江流域哈尔滨段洪泛区灾害评估

计算洪水淹没区范围所造成的灾害损失一直是灾害评估研究中的一个热点问题,本文通过以GIS技术为基础,并结合数字高程模型(DEM),对哈尔滨市未来可能会发生的十年一遇或百年一遇的洪水所能淹没的范围进行预测。并结合历年的水文气象等统计资料,依据经验分析法与水深-损失曲线模型相结合的方法,对哈尔滨市洪泛区进行灾害评估,为城市发展、城市规划等提供依据。     

划分变性水团边界的温盐点聚对照法与东海西部海区变性水团的分析

温盐点聚对照法是根据温盐点聚图而确定变性水团边界的一种分析方法。用这种方法分析东海西部海区中的变性水团,可以得到如下结果:在该海区中除四个原型水团之外,还有两个变性水团。具有区域性特征的变性回归线,仅在寒冷季节存在。可以看出,变性交换区与顺时针环流的存在密切相关。提出了检验该海区各变性水团消长变化的模式。最后,描述了混合带与中心渔场位置之间的关系。     

EVOLVING FACTOR ANALYSIS APPLIED TO FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS DATA

Evolving factor analysis is used to estimate the concentration profiles and spectra of Bi~(3 )and the bismuthchloride complexes BiCl~(2 )through BiCl_6~(3-)formed by injection of bismuth percblorate into a flowingstream of 1.0 mol l~(-1) HCl.The estimated spectra compare favorably with previously published spectraof the complexes.     

Interpretation of torsional shear results for nonlinear stress–strain relationship

Torsional tests are frequently used in material testing to determine shear stress–strain relationships. In the tests, torque is applied to a solid or hollow cylindrical specimen, whose twist angle is recorded as the response. While the raw test results are readily available in terms of torque–twist sets, converting them into intrinsic stress–strain relationships is not always straightforward, owing to the nonlinear stress–strain behavior and the non‐uniform radial distribution of the stress and strain fields. It follows that the approaches currently used to interpret torsional data are essentially empirical based. The present paper addresses this data interpretation issue from a more rigorous perspective. The paper includes two parts: the first part concerns hollow cylindrical specimens under torsion, where an analytical‐based recursive procedure is developed; and the second part deals with solid torsional specimens, for which an analytical solution given by Nadai is directly employed. Examples pertaining to these two cases are examined and the resulting shear stress–strain curves are compared with those based on a number of popular empirical methods. The proposed analytical approaches can serve as a benchmark for checking the accuracy and validity of those empirical propositions. It is worth noting that, for brittle materials exhibiting softening behavior, only the analytical method gives the correct interpretation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incorporating variable source area hydrology into a curve-number-based watershed model

Many water quality models use some form of the curve number (CN) equation developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS; U.S. Depart of Agriculture) to predict storm runoff from watersheds based on an infiltration-excess response to rainfall. However, in humid, well-vegetated areas with shallow soils, such as in the northeastern USA, the predominant runoff generating mechanism is saturation-excess on variable source areas (VSAs). We reconceptualized the SCS–CN equation for VSAs, and incorporated it into the General Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. The new version of GWLF, named the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, simulates the watershed runoff response to rainfall using the standard SCS–CN equation, but spatially distributes the runoff response according to a soil wetness index. We spatially validated VSLF runoff predictions and compared VSLF to GWLF for a subwatershed of the New York City Water Supply System. The spatial distribution of runoff from VSLF is more physically realistic than the estimates from GWLF. This has important consequences for water quality modeling, and for the use of models to evaluate and guide watershed management, because correctly predicting the coincidence of runoff generation and pollutant sources is critical to simulating non-point source (NPS) pollution transported by runoff. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于支漳河治理的工程测量设计

本文在对支漳河研究的背景下,结合所学工程测量知识,从测区概况、外业实测、内业设计等方面进行阐述,并进行了土方计算、曲线放样的设计,为支漳河治理的实施提供理论依据。     

Optimization of streamflow measurements by the dilution of the food colorant E110 / Optimisation de la mesure de débit par dilution du colorant alimentaire E110

Abstract

This study presents the measurement of streamflows by constant dilution of a yellow-orange food colorant (E110). Field measurements are carried out in the Doria River, a mountain torrent in the Savoie pre-Alps, France. A limnimetric station installed 12 years ago is periodically calibrated by mechanical and chemical measurements. Moreover, simultaneous mechanical and chemical methods allow the statistical validation of the proposed technique. The main advantages of this method are the lack of toxicity, the absence of visible river colouring, comparable to that of aquatic organic matter, and the low detection limit. This method allows high flow measurement under suitable conditions.     

Determination of dispersive phase velocities by complex seismic trace analysis of surface waves (CASW)

A method for deriving experimental dispersion curves of surface waves from active source recordings is presented. The method is based on the complex seismic trace analysis of surface waves (CASW) and is applicable when only two receivers are available.