消油剂处理120#燃料油对海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)胚胎抗氧化酶活性影响的研究

以海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)胚胎为研究对象,比较了120#燃料油分散液(water-accommodated fractions,WAFs)与乳化液(biologically enhanced water-accommodated fractions,BE-WAFs)的急性毒性效应,并研究了不同浓度(40、100、250 mg/L)下WAFs、BE-WAFs对胚胎内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响。结果表明:在受到石油烃的氧化胁迫后,海水青鳉胚胎内3种抗氧化酶活性变化明显。随着石油烃浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长,3种酶表现出程度不同的诱导效应和抑制效应。其中受石油烃污染影响最为明显的为SOD酶;而GST酶则对消油剂单独暴露表现较为敏感。实验证明,海水青鳉体内SOD酶活性对石油烃污染反应最为敏感,适合作为监测石油烃污染程度的生物标志物。     

LBQS类星体样品球空间功率谱分析

本文用球空间功率谱分析方法研究了ＬＢＱＳ类星体样品的成团性，讨论了ｑ０、边界效应、红移测量误差的影响，并与相关函数的结果进行了比较，认为本样品类星体是不成团的或极弱成团。     

沙漠区生物结皮层中藓类植物繁殖体发育实验研究

对12种藓类植物（高山大帽藓,斜叶芦荟藓、芦荟藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓、盐土藓、无疣墙藓、土生对齿藓、红叶藓、真藓、丛生真藓、垂蒴真藓）的成熟孢子和6种藓类（斜叶芦荟藓、芦荟藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓、盐土藓、闭蒴盐土藓）的茎叶碎片在室温下培养,培养液为土壤浸出液,对照组为蒸馏水和自来水。在光学显微镜下描绘和照相记录孢子萌发与原丝体发育过程,发现除斜叶芦荟藓、盐土藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓外其余藓类的孢子均正常萌发。茎叶培养实验中除卵叶藓外的5个种都产生了大量的原丝体,表明旱生藓类的茎叶具有极强的无性繁殖能力。确定了孢子形态、萌发时间、萌发极向、萌发类型,探讨了藓类孢子萌发和原丝体的发育以及茎叶碎片的繁殖和传播特性,并分析了4种藓类孢子未萌发的原因以及无性繁殖对苔藓植物个体建成的重要性。实验结果为深入探索在生物结皮层形成过程中藓类植物的繁殖生物学作用提供了理论和实验依据。     

Seismic and Petrophysical Relationships from UK Continental Shelf Rocks at Elevated Pressures

Abstract

There are few published seismic (P- and S-waves) properties for seafloor bedrocks. At low pressures (1 to 10 MPa), velocities and attenuations are determined mainly by open microcracks. At higher pressures, the microcracks close, and the velocities and attenuations depend primarily on the matrix porosity. We have investigated both the relationships between the acoustic, petrophysical, and geological properties of the rocks at 40 MPa pressure and the effect of microcracks on the acoustic properties at 10 MPa pressure. In this paper we discuss the former; the latter will be discussed separately.

P- and S-wave velocity and attenuation measurements were carried out on a suite of seabed sedimentary and igneous rocks at effective pressures from 10 to 40 MPa at ultrasonic frequencies. The porosities and permeabilities of the rocks ranged from 0% to 32% and 0 to 110 mDarcy, respectively. Characterization of the rocks revealed that most of the sandstones have a substantial clay content (kaolinite, illite, and chlorite) and fractures. Most of the igneous rocks are chloritized.

The seismic properties of the rocks are markedly lower than those of similar continental rocks because of the microporosity formed by the alteration of feldspars, micas, and mafic minerals to clays (e.g., chloritization of pyroxenes) and the corresponding reduction of the elastic moduli. The results of this study suggest that the values of velocities and quality factors used for ocean acoustic propagation models are lower than normally assumed.     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.     

The radio frequency dielectric properties of the stratified UG1–UG2 geological unit in the Bushveld Complex

A new measurement technique enables the complex dielectric properties of the geological strata comprising the UG1–UG2 (Upper Group 1–Upper Group 2) unit of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to be determined with unprecedented detail at radio frequencies (RF). Results of non-destructive laboratory measurements of representative diamond drill core samples from the UG1–UG2 unit are presented at 25 MHz. These data establish that the UG1 and UG2 chromitite layers are embedded in rock strata (norite, pyroxenite and anorthosite) which are translucent in the HF spectral band, whereas the chromitite layers themselves exhibit significant velocity contrast, making them good radar reflectors. The data presented here is useful for calibration of the radar system, and for predicting the range and resolution performance of borehole radars operating in both the hanging and footwalls of the economically important platiniferous UG2 reef.     

Advances in studies on concrete durability and countermeasures against freezing-thawing effects

This paper is a meta-analysis of recent domestic and foreign research on freezing-thawing effects on concrete durability. The main theories on the mechanisms of freeze-thaw damage to concrete are introduced： the hydrostatic pressure theory, the osmotic pressure theory, the critical water saturation degree theory, the dual mechanism theory, and the micro-ice-crystal lens model theory. The influence laws of freezing-thawing on the mechanical properties of concrete are summarized, and countermeasures to improve concrete durability in freezing-thawing circumstances are presented. This work provides valuable references for future engineering constructions in cold regions.     

库车坳陷下侏罗统岩石古应力场与砂岩储层性质

对库车坳陷下侏罗统野外定向岩石样品的岩石力学性质的测试结果表明,下侏罗统以压扁变形明显、拉伸变形较弱为特点.自侏罗纪以来,该区经历了至少4期古构造变形作用,其变形方式主要为近EW向的以脆性变形为主的褶皱变形作用.在平面上,该区明显地表现为东弱西强的构造挤压变形特征,并对砂岩的储层性质产生重要影响.东区平均古构造应力值为19.8~28.3 MPa,对应的平均砂岩孔隙度为17.1%;西区平均古构造应力值为62.6~80.1 MPa,对应的平均砂岩孔隙度为6.4%~4.6%.     

震区植被恢复初期土壤理化性质与土壤呼吸间的关系

为了解地震灾区不同恢复方式下土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸间的关系,选取2种典型气候区(干旱河谷气候区与亚热带季风气候区)为研究区,设置人工恢复、未受损、自然恢复3种恢复方式的固定样地,定期测定土壤呼吸与土壤理化性质(有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷、容重、孔隙度、电导率和pH值),并分析各因子间的相关关系。结果表明:气候类型显著影响土壤全氮、容重、孔隙度、电导率以及土壤呼吸,表现为干旱河谷气候区显著优于亚热带季风气候区;恢复方式显著影响土壤呼吸速率、有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷含量、C:P、N:P、容重、孔隙度和电导率,基本表现为未受损样地优于人工恢复样地优于自然恢复样地;二者交互作用显著影响土壤呼吸、土壤物理性质和除全磷、有效磷外主要土壤养分的流失。两种气候区土壤呼吸的影响因子不同,干旱河谷气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、pH值、容重和孔隙度,亚热带季风气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、容重和孔隙度。本研究为评价和优化西南地区灾后恢复治理措施提供一定科学依据,对其生态安全维护和生态屏障建设提供帮助。