琼胶/SiO2复合纤维的制备及性能研究

利用湿法纺丝技术制备了琼胶/SiO₂复合纤维,对琼胶分子在溶液中的分散性、纺丝液流变性、纤维的形貌、化学结构分别用DLS、旋转黏度计、SEM、FTIR和XRD进行了表征,并对纤维的力学性能、热性能和吸湿性能进行了测定。研究结果表明:琼胶分子在溶液中呈纳米尺度分布,纺丝液具有良好的流动性;琼胶/纳米SiO₂复合纤维具有良好的形态。随着纳米SiO₂的添加量逐渐提高,复合纤维的力学拉伸强度先增强后降低,复合纤维的吸水性降低,复合纤维的热稳定性逐渐增强。结合复合纤维综合性能,纳米SiO₂的最佳添加质量分数为0.5%。     

Higher species diversity occurs in more fertile habitats without fertilizer disturbance in an alpine natural grassland community

Are there some relationships among species diversity and soil chemical properties of high altitude natural grasslands？ Plant community composition and chemical properties of soil samples were compared to investigate the relationship between soil and species diversity, and the richness in Tibetan alpine grasslands. Results showed that species diversity was significantly positively related to soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen （AN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available phosphorus （AP）, and available potassium （AK） in the high alpine grasslands. Margalefs species richness index was also significantly positively related to SOM, TN, AN, and TP. Most soil chemical properties showed significantly positive correlation with species diversity and Margalef＇s richness index. Our results suggested that higher plant species richness index and diversity occurred in more fertile soil habitats in high altitude natural grassland community. In practice, fertilization management for the restoration of degraded grassland should be conducted with reference to the nutrient levels ofnatural grassland without the additional artificial fertilizer and with higher species-diversity and richness index.     

应县木塔地基工程地质勘测与分析

对山西应县木塔环境地质进行了研究,弄清了地层年代及存在的断层;通过样品分析、标准贯入及静探等方法试验、测试,得出了塔院区塔基土的工程物理性质和力学性质、承载力;用地学层析成像技术探测了木塔的基础结构及塔院地基的分层结构。     

柴东侏罗系源岩生油组分荧光特征与生烃意义

通过荧光特征研究了柴达木盆地东部侏罗系源岩生油组分,指出了不同生油组分对生烃的贡献、意义及其热演化特征。侏罗系源岩有暗色泥岩、油页岩、煤和炭质泥岩四种类型,主要生油组分为壳质组和矿物—沥青基质,不同生油组分荧光特征的差异又是生烃潜力大小、热演化程度和降解情况的综合反映。     

Theory and Practice of Soft Clay Engineering

-The shear strength and deformation properties of soft clay are discussed first. Then some methods for predicting the performance of soft clay foundation are proposed. Finally, case histories are presented to illustrate some discussed aspects of soft clay.     

水对不同岩石声波速度影响的研究

通过分析不同成因类型岩石的声波速度,提出了水对不同岩石声波速度的影响,从岩石孔隙及隐微裂隙的发育程度及岩石的水理性质解释了在水的作用下岩石声波变化规律,利用这些规律可以初步判断岩石的隐微裂隙发育程度及水理性质。     

Quantitative characterization of different coal rank reservoirs permeability based on NMR and X-CT technology

With the increasing development of coalbed methane (CBM) field, the quantitative characterization and evaluation of coal reservoir physical properties is becoming more and more important to CBM scale development. In order to solve the limitations of conventional methods for testing coal reservoir physical properties, the authors used the high-tech technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance technology and CT scanning technology to effectively solve the problems of in-situ and integrity of rock samples and acquire the porosity and permeability. Nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scanning experiments of coal samples were carried out to rapidly obtain the pore type, pore size distribution and connectivity, effective porosity, spatial distribution of pore fissures and other refined coal reservoir physical parameters, based on the samples of middle and low rank coal in Shenfu block and high rank coal in Shizhuangnan block. So a set of quantitative characterization analysis technology that can be applied to coal reservoirs with different coal rank was formed.     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的声波测井全波列特征时频分析

目前,阵列声波测井信号处理大多在时间域或频率域中进行。但是,单纯的时间域或频率域方法有很大的局限性。为了打破这些局限性,笔者将分数阶Fourier变换方法用于阵列声波测井信号的分析之中,研究了不同性质储集层中信号幅度随分数阶Fourier变换阶数变化的规律。实验结果表明:在干层,幅度呈"1"型分布;在水层,幅度呈"Y"型分布,"Y"的两支开口较小,在阶数大于0.3的区域中,幅度较大;在油层,幅度呈"Y"型分布,"Y"的两支开口较大,在阶数大于0.6的区域中,幅度较大。因此,分数阶Fourier变换在提取阵列声波测井蕴含的储集层流体性质信息方面具有很好的前景。     

The relationship between hydrodynamic properties and weathering of soils derived from volcanic rocks,Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)

The aim of this interdisciplinary study is to examine a component of the hydrological cycle in Galapagos by characterizing soil properties. Nine soil profiles were sampled on two islands. Their physical and hydrodynamic properties were analyzed, along with their mineralogical composition. Two groups of soils were identified, with major differences between them. The first group consists of soils located in the highlands (>350 m a.s.l.), characterized by low hydraulic conductivity (<10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹) and low porosity (<25%). These soils are thick (several meters) and homogeneous without coarse components. Their clay fraction is considerable and dominated by gibbsite. The second group includes soils located in the low parts of the islands (<300 m a.s.l.). These soils are characterized by high hydraulic conductivity (>10⁻³ m s⁻¹) and high porosity (>35%). The structure of these soils is heterogeneous and includes coarse materials. The physical properties of the soils are in good agreement with the variations of the rainfall according to the elevation, which appears as the main factor controlling the soil development. The clayey alteration products constrain soils physical and hydrodynamic properties by reducing the porosity and consequently the permeability and also by increasing water retention.