Can ecological and evolutionary arguments solve the riddle of the missing marine insects?

We critically appraise the recent literature on the paucity of marine insects and conclude that this near‐absence does demand explanation; but this explanation is unlikely to be found in the suggested problems of depth for insect respiratory systems. We tentatively suggest some areas where further consideration may yield fruitful answers to this long‐standing evolutionary riddle.     

阿拉尔垦区棉花播种出苗期风灾类型及抗灾措施研究

根据1996--2005年对阿拉尔垦区风灾观测调查和抗灾补种实践总结,结合对垦区风沙灾害的规律研究,初步分析出4种风灾类型。本文在着重分析风灾类型的基础上,针对每一类风沙所引起的灾害,提出预防抗灾和灾后补救措施。补救采取地膜人工复位、人工铺膜、膜上重播、揭膜重播等措施,为今后垦区棉花生产提供有利依据。     

覆盖与揭膜时间对越冬人参和西洋参出苗影响

人参和西洋参冬季需要覆盖防寒才能安全越冬, 覆盖时间和揭膜时间对安全越冬及出苗影响很大, 为确定最佳防寒覆盖时间和揭膜时间, 2021年11月—2022年6月在吉林省抚松县开展分期覆盖和分期揭膜试验, 研究不同覆盖时间和揭膜时间对人参和西洋参越冬期地温及出苗影响。结果表明:人参和西洋参出苗率随着覆盖时间推迟而下降。5 cm地温降至0℃时覆盖防寒, 人参和西洋参出苗率最高, 是最佳覆盖防寒期;5 cm地温降至-12℃以下覆盖西洋参大部或全部冻死;5 cm地温瞬时低至-14℃时人参出苗率仍达75%;5 cm地温在-14~-8℃之间波动, 极端最低为-16℃的裸地人参全部被冻死。人参出苗时5~20 cm地温约为8~9℃, 西洋参略高于人参。用高绝热纤维被覆盖防寒, 揭膜越晚地温越低, 出苗越晚, 揭膜时间影响出苗进度, 与最终出苗率相关不明显;最佳揭膜时间需根据地形具体分析, 早春常发生霜冻地块可结合气候预测, 通过揭膜时间控制出苗进度避免春季冻害的发生。     

Spartinas kolonisation og udbredelse langs Ho Bugt

Spartina sp. (“townsendii” and anglica) was introduced in the Ho Bugt area at Esbjerg in 1931. The investigation is based on a study of a sample area on the peninsula Skallingen during the years 1957, 1960, 1965 and 1970, on litterature and on a survey of the whole bay in 1971. The colonization in the different parts of the bay is described.

“Spartina shows an extremely plastic morphological response to the varying conditions of tidal submergence and exposure on different parts of the marsh. This enables it to occupy a wide range of zones occupied in other areas by a series of different plant communities.” (Ranwell, 1964).

“It has, in fact, not only taken possession of a vacant ecological niche, but has spread from this to form a serious competition to other salt marsh species of long standing.” (Goodman a.o., 1959).     

汶川8.0级地震序列联合定位研究

使用联合定位方法对2008年5月12日至7月7日M<,L>≥3.0的1 028次地震进行重新定位.针对EVT格式的波形数据,重新求取视出射角参数和到时参数,建立地震波到时与视出射角联合定位方法.视出射角参数对深度较敏感,其联合定位结果能保证经度和纬度方向上的定位精度,特别是能提高对深度的分辨能力.联合定位结果表明,地震...     

Coupling fuzzy clustering and cellular automata based on local maxima of development potential to model urban emergence and expansion in economic development zones

ABSTRACT

Modeling urban growth in Economic development zones (EDZs) can help planners determine appropriate land policies for these regions. However, sometimes EDZs are established in remote areas outside of central cities that have no historical urban areas. Existing models are unable to simulate the emergence of urban areas without historical urban land in EDZs. In this study, a cellular automaton (CA) model based on fuzzy clustering is developed to address this issue. This model is implemented by coupling an unsupervised classification method and a modified CA model with an urban emergence mechanism based on local maxima. Through an analysis of the planning policies and existing infrastructure, the proposed model can detect the potential start zones and simulate the trajectory of urban growth independent of the historical urban land use. The method is validated in the urban emergence simulation of the Taiping Bay development zone in Dalian, China from 2013 to 2019. The proposed model is applied to future simulation in 2019–2030. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can be used to predict urban emergence and generate the possible future urban form, which will assist planners in determining the urban layout and controlling urban growth in EDZs.     

从汶川8级地震探讨地震应急基础数据在现场工作中的作用

“十五”期间国家和各省建立的地震应急指挥技术系统在汶川8．0级地震中得到全面的检验,其中包含地震应急基础数据库。通过汶川8．0级地震应急工作中的实践,对陕西地震应急基础数据库的功能、作用及问题等进行初步的探讨。     

播种深度和土壤水分对黄花补血草种子萌发的影响

 采集来自腾格里沙漠的黄花补血草种子,分别设置7个水分梯度（3.0%, 5.0%, 8.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%,18.0%,20%) 和6个播种深度（0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 cm）,进行黑暗（10～15 ℃）和光照(20～25 ℃)处理,研究水分、埋藏深度和温度对黄花补血草种子萌发和出苗的影响。结果表明：黄花补血草种子吸涨速率很快,在6 h种子吸水达到饱和;在土壤水分为3.0%～10.0%时,种子萌发率较高,当土壤水分达到20%时,萌发受到抑制;种子埋藏越深,萌发率越低,土壤水分太低或者太高,都不利于种子萌发。黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳条件是：白天温度在25 ℃,夜间温度在15 ℃,土壤水分为10.0%,埋藏深度为0.5 cm时种子萌发率和出苗率最高。     

Toroidal magnetic field structure of the solar convective envelope inferred from the initial observations of the sunspots

For different life spans, we measure the line of sight component of the magnetic field structure of the bipolar sunspots from the SOHO/MDI magnetograms during their initial appearance on the surface and toroidal component of the magnetic field structure is separated. Irrespective of their sizes, strength of the measured line of sight component of the magnetic field structure varies from ∼450 G for the life span of 2 days to ∼300 G for the life span of 12 days. Where as strength of the estimated surface toroidal component of the bipolar spots varies from ∼10 G for the life span of 2 days to ∼700 G for the life span of 12 days. We use rederived Parker’s (1955a) flux tube model in spherical coordinates and Hiremath’s (2002) life span anchoring depth information to infer the strength of line of sight and toroidal components of the magnetic field structures at different anchoring depths of the bipolar spots in the convective envelope and the important findings are: (i) both the line of sight and toroidal components of the magnetic field structures at the sites of sunspots’ different anchoring depths in the convective envelope have a similar radial variation and the strength (∼10⁴ G near base of the convective envelope to ∼100 G near the surface) and, (ii) rate of emergence of toroidal magnetic field structure near base of the convective envelope is estimated to be ∼100 times the rate of emergence of toroidal magnetic field structure near the surface.     

Information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City

IntroductionGeographic information System (GIS) is the technique Which has been developed and moremature in recent last 10 years. It is being eXtensively used tO build applied information system ormanagement system by corresponding departmentS, which brings remarkable benefit for societyand economy in scientific research and production. GIS may collect analyZe, manage and outputspace data expediently. And it has functions of regional analysis, analysis of various factors anddynamic predic…