冬小麦遥感冠层温度监测土壤含水量的试验研究

在冬小麦主要生育期(2002年4月初到5月底),对不灌溉的冬小麦测定了冠层温度、地温、气温以及土壤含水量,计算了冠气温差且分析了冠层温度和冠气温差与不同土层厚度的土壤含水量相关关系。结果表明:14:00的冠层温度能较好地反映20cm土层的土壤含水量变化,但与其它各土层相关性有较大的波动性;14:00的冠气温差能较好地反映40cm以上土层的土壤含水量变化,二者的相关性很高,在20cm、40cm土层,两者相关系数R2分别为0.98866、0.99389,这为用区域遥感数据反演主要生育期冬小麦的冠气温差进而监测区域40cm土壤含水量提供了实验性的依据;拔节期和灌浆期,用14:00冠气温差来拟合各土壤层的土壤含水量有较高的精度,从而为用区域遥感数据监测区域土壤含水量提供了经验性的模型。     

采用物理指标评价黏性土承载力的方法研究

利用大连长兴岛葫芦山湾海域勘察资料,对742组黏性土的主要物理指标与承载力fo的对比数据,进行了相关分析。建立了黏性土主要物理指标与承载力fo之间经验关系4个。提出了实际勘察工作中承载力特征值fak的评价方法,为利用物理指标评价黏性土承载力建立了理论基础。     

测绘企业内部信息管理的内容及重要性

当前测绘市场竞争日益激烈,测绘企业为获取竞争优势,占领更多的市场份额,必须加强建设核心竞争力,企业内部信息管理是建设核心竞争力的内容之一。对信息进行有效地收集、筛选、分析、整理和储存、高效的管理和应用,是测绘企业现代化的必备条件。它既能满足日常生产需要,也能为企业管理和经营提供必要的统计信息,对其未来发展更具有深远的意义。     

基于球谐函数模型的电离层预报

据球谐函数模型系数的特点,采用ARMA(p,q)模型对球谐函数模型系数进行预报,由球谐函数模型计算电离层VTEC。提出了针对某一时刻球谐系数进行预报的方法,相比传统按照时刻顺序的预报,预报时间大大延长,预报精度也有所提高。试验结果表明,相比中高纬度地区,低纬度地区预报精度偏低,同时,一天中不同时刻预报结果有所差别,前半天的预报效果明显好于后半天。     

基于主成分分析的植被含水率模型

为了对岷江上游“生态水”的估测提供有效的数据源和方法,利用高光谱遥感技术定量研究了植被反射光谱与植被含水率的关系,测定了研究区多个采样点棕榈叶片的反射光谱和对应的含水率,通过二者的相关分析和逐步回归的方法提取敏感波段;为避免敏感波段之间相关性影响,采用主成分分析法提取主成分,建立主成分与含水率的定量分析模型,并建立主成分与标准自变量的回归方程,然后建立各个标准变量与原始自变量(反射光谱敏感波段)的回归方程,最终转换为植被含水率与反射光谱之间的模型.结果表明:棕榈叶片反射光谱在454 nm,668 nm,1 466 nm,1 664 nm和1 924 nm波段处与含水率显著相关;采用主成分定量分析模型的估算值与实测值相关系数为0.92,均方根误差为0.06.     

Using spectral information from the NIR water absorption features for the retrieval of canopy water content

Canopy water content (CWC) is important for mapping and monitoring the condition of the terrestrial ecosystem. Spectral information related to the water absorption features at 970 nm and 1200 nm offers possibilities for deriving information on CWC. In this study, we compare the use of derivative spectra, spectral indices and continuum removal techniques for these regions. Hyperspectral reflectance data representing a range of canopies were simulated using the combined PROSPECT + SAILH model. Best results in estimating CWC were obtained by using spectral derivatives at the slopes of the 970 nm and 1200 nm water absorption features. Real data from two different test sites were analysed. Spectral information at both test sites was obtained with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer, whereas at the second site HyMap airborne imaging spectrometer data were also acquired. Best results were obtained for the derivative spectra. In order to avoid the potential influence of atmospheric water vapour absorption bands the derivative of the reflectance on the right slope of the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm can best be used for estimating CWC.     

The design and composition of persuasive maps

Persuasive maps are ubiquitous in society, yet cartographers have largely neglected to conduct serious, holistic research on them. Persuasive maps represent a form of visual communication that differs markedly from scientific geovisualization. First, many of these maps' communicative goals are anathema to those of scientific representation. Second, many persuasive maps ignore and defy established cartographic conventions. This article argues two things. First, the cartographic discipline can gain insight about how maps communicate information from the longitudinal and holistic analysis of persuasive maps. By comparing the differences and similarities of persuasive maps to scientific geovisualizations, researchers can begin to understand how persuasive maps communicate differently than scientific ones. Second, breaking persuasive maps down into composite parts may make it possible to identify persuasive map norms (i.e., methods of design that are embraced by producers of persuasive maps). The results of a content analysis of 256 persuasive maps are discussed. The article concludes that it may be possible to take the most statistically significant results from this study to begin identifying different rhetorical styles of persuasive maps.     

不同NeQuick电离层模型参数的应用精度分析

Galileo采用NeQuick作为全球广播电离层模型,其实际应用中以有效电离水平因子Az代替太阳活动指数作为NeQuick的输入参数,并利用二次多项式拟合得到广播星历中播发的3个电离层参数。本文在总结和讨论NeQuick模型参数估计方法及其变化特征的基础上,分别以全球电离层格网、GPS基准站及JASON-2测高卫星提供的电离层TEC为参考,分析不同NeQuick模型参数(包括以太阳活动参数F10.7为输入的NeQuick2、以本文解算参数为输入的NeQuickC和以Galileo广播电离层参数为输入的NeQuickG)在全球大陆及海洋地区的应用精度,并与GPS广播的Klobuchar模型对比。结果表明,NeQuickG在全球范围内的修正精度为54.2%~65.8%,NeQuickC的修正精度为71.1%~74.2%,NeQuick2的修正精度与NeQuickG相当,略优于GPS广播星历中播发的Klobuchar模型。