Design Recommendations for Pile Subjected to Cyclic Load

Pile foundations subjected to cyclic load is an age-old problem dealt with for decades by geotechnical engineers. The ocean environment necessitates the piles supporting offshore structures to be designed against lateral cyclic loading initiated by wave action. Substantial experimental and analytical investigations have already been conducted by the author and other researchers. The quasi-static load reversal induces deterioration in the strength and stiffness of the soil-pile system introducing progressive reduction in the bearing capacity as well as settlement of the pile foundation, the degree of such degradation has been observed to be a function of the cyclic load parameters and the type of soil. Based on these observations, a design recommendation has been attempted in this paper for piles subjected to cyclic load in cohesive soil.     

Back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel considering the degradation of ground and concrete lining

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of the stability of subsea tunnels during operation is very important considering the risks involved with subsea tunnels. Although a large volume of monitoring information can be obtained, back analysis has been performed based on the internal displacement. In this study, the efficiency of an estimation of the safety of an operating subsea tunnel has been improved by implementing the back analysis algorithm based on various monitoring information. The differential evolution algorithm was adopted for back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel. The differential evolution algorithm was improved to accommodate the multiple target variables for back analysis, such as the elastic modulus, cohesion, friction angle of the ground, and the time-dependent elastic modulus of concrete lining. In addition, the elastic modulus of the concrete lining and the properties of reinforced ground can be evaluated with the proposed algorithm using a range of monitoring data, such as the internal displacement and stress acting on the lining. In summary, back analysis with a differential evolution algorithm can be used to evaluate the stability of an operating subsea tunnel.     

Miniature LVDT setup for local strain measurement on cement-treated clay specimens

ABSTRACT

Miniature submersible linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is commonly used for small strain stiffness measurement. However, it has not been widely used on cement-treated clays. This paper proposes a method of installing and setting up submersible LVDT to minimize testing problems and errors for cement-treated clays. In soft clay testing, the LVDT mount can be anchored to the specimen by pressed-in anchor pins or rods. However, this cannot be done on cement-treated clay due to the latter’s hardness. Preliminary trials also indicate that direct attachment of the LVDT mounts to the membrane without anchor pins is not feasible owing to the tendency of the LVDT to tilt and detach from the specimen. The system adopted involves pre-casting holes for the insertion of anchor pins during placement of the admixture into the moulds. The diameter of the anchors pins was found to have significant effect on the results; smaller diameter pins give more consistent results with those of resonant column and bender element tests. This can be attributed to the effect of stress concentration around the anchor pins. The results showed that, used appropriately, submersible LVDTs can give small strain measurements which have a high degree of inner consistency with results from resonant column and bender element tests.     

海草生态系统退化机制及修复对策综述

人类活动和全球气候变化使得海草生态系统快速退化,形成大面积"海底荒漠",降低了海草生态系统的生态服务功能.近年来,由于各国政府对海洋资源的逐渐重视,海草生态系统的修复进入了一个新的历史阶段.然而,目前成功修复退化海草生态系统的案例很少,急需修复生态学理论对海草修复实践进行指导.基于此,本研究系统论述了海草修复的意义、难...     

电力规划方案设计的GIS应用研究

本文通过对现有电力规划方案设计与分析中的效率等问题进行分析,提出了电力规划常用操作的智能化设计和实现,对规划工程方案投资估算提出了估算方法,利用GIS空间分析的优势对工程方案在各种专题数据基础上进行空间分析并生成专题分析报告文档,给规划工程方案的决策者提供参考。     

VB和VBA for AutoCAD编程在电力勘测塔基断面数据处理中的应用

在电力线路勘测过程中,全站仪和GPS配合使用已成为电力行业测量主要采用的方式。随着电力行业的发展,塔基断面数据的处理成图工作越来越重要。为了进一步提高对不同方式获得的塔基断面数据进行高效处理,本文探讨利用VB,VBA for AutoCAD编程工具开发程序,在AutoCAD中自动成图的技术和方法。最后为塔基断面数据的程序化处理提供一种高效、快捷、简便的方法。     

免棱镜全站仪在电力勘测中的应用

介绍了免棱镜全站仪的特点,探讨了将免棱镜全站仪应用于电力勘测中的方法,最后,对免棱镜全站仪在使用中遇到的问题进行了分析。     

近15 a来黄河源地区玛多县草地植被退化的遥感动态监测

 依据草地退化国家标准和黄河源区草地退化的实际情况,选取草地覆盖度、植株高度、地上生物量、牧草可食率、土壤有机质5个重要指标建立黄河源区玛多县草地植被退化监测和评价指标体系。利用遥感影像和GIS技术,结合实地调查和采样测定,对5个评价指标在遥感影像上进行反演,并进行图层的加权叠加,得出玛多县草地退化的时空特征。结果表明：玛多县草地在1994年已经出现了较为严重的退化现象,退化草地的空间分布格局已经基本形成,并且草地的退化过程一直在继续。2009年草地退化空间特征显示在气候变化较为敏感区域、河道两侧、鼠害严重以及靠近居民点等区域草地退化较为严重。通过对4期草地退化情况进行对比分析,发现1994-2001年间玛多草地植被退化情况最严重,重度退化面积高达1 355 943.30 hm2,占草地面积的86.53%。2001-2006年间和2006-2009年间重度退化、较大退化和中度退化草地的面积都下降较大,同时退化的速度已经有了较大缓和,黄河源头地区草地生态系统得到初步恢复