Sub-Lethal Effects of Elevated Concentration of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on Planktonic Copepods and Sea Urchins

Data concerning the effects of high CO₂ concentrations on marine organisms are essential for both predicting future impacts of the increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration and assessing the effects of deep-sea CO₂sequestration. Here we review our recent studies evaluating the effects of elevated CO₂ concentrations in seawater on the mortality and egg production of the marine planktonic copepod, Acartia steueri, and on the fertilization rate and larval morphology of sea urchin embryos, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Echinometra mathaei. Under conditions of +10,000 ppm CO₂ in seawater (pH 6.8), the egg production rates of copepods decreased significantly. The survival rates of adult copepods were not affected when reared under increased CO₂ for 8 days, however longer exposure times could have revealed toxic effects of elevated CO₂ concentrations. The fertilization rate of sea urchin eggs of both species decreased with increasing CO₂ concentration. Furthermore, the size of pluteus larvae decreased with increasing CO₂ concentration and malformed skeletogenesis was observed in both larvae. This suggests that calcification is affected by elevated CO₂ in the seawater. From these results, we conclude that increased CO₂ concentration in seawater will chronically affect several marine organisms and we discuss the effects of increased CO₂ on the marine carbon cycle and marine ecosystem. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

非开挖地下管线铺设施工方法

铺设地下管线大都采用开挖路面的方法,这样做的结果是破坏了街路的完整性,影响交通与城市面貌,采用“非开挖地下管线铺设方法”施工可以避免为铺设地下管线而开挖街路。损伤路面、影响交通。它包括以下三种方法：挤密导孔－拉削扩孔方法,小断面挖掘液面送管方法,地下夯管方法。     

几种动物精卵识别机制

动物受精是指两性配子细胞相结合生成合子的过程,亲代通过受精将遗传物质传给子代,它是衔接亲代与子代的桥梁,保持了物种的延续.精卵识别是受精的起始步骤,是指配子细胞通过各自表面的受精蛋白--糖蛋白类物质的特异性相互作用识别并结合,完成受精过程.本文着重介绍目前研究比较清楚的小鼠、猪、海胆和鲍等的精卵识别机制,比较了哺乳动物和无脊椎动物之间的联系和差别,进一步说明不同动物通过各自性细胞表面的糖蛋白完成精卵识别过程,并由相应糖蛋白的不同组成和结构决定了该识别过程的特异性.     

超远缘鱼类—斑马鱼和泥鳅—受精卵的激光融合

利用激光诱导方法对不同科鱼类,鲤科(Cyprinidae)的斑马鱼(Brachydanio Rerio)和鳅科(Cobitidae)的大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage)受精卵进行的融合实验结果表明:不同科间的鱼类受精卵可以融合并继续存活发育,有的可发育至初孵仔鱼。但是,其融合、发育表现出与亲缘关系较近的鱼卵的融合、发育有较大的差异。     

河北平原区地震监测井成井技术

井下地震监测可减少地面噪声干扰、提高地震监测精度。介绍了河北平原区地震监测井的设计以及成井、下管、固井等的关键工艺方法,在工程施工中采用合理的成井工艺、封底下管、管外固井等技术,满足了监测井的特殊要求。     

卵生型鱼类卵子发育潜能评估研究进展

鱼类卵子发育潜能(即卵子质量)是繁育工作所用卵子好坏的直接体现。雌性亲鱼性成熟过程中,卵巢内卵母细胞营养物质的积累及其正常减数分裂过程极易受外界环境影响,进而使亲鱼所产卵子可发育能力往往有较大波动,故提前预测亲鱼所产卵子的发育潜能,将对苗种繁育的风险防范及育苗产业健康发展带来积极影响。文章叙述了卵子及其成分特征,从卵子外形、卵质脂肪酸、氨基酸、蛋白、酶活等生化组成以及母源性RNA等角度对卵子质量研究现状做了概括,并对各自研究中存在的问题进行探讨。综上所述,从形态、脂肪酸、遗传物质等综合方面对卵质进行分析并建立其多元回归模型,将有助于找出影响卵质因素的关键信息;同时将卵质研究与家系构建相结合,后续跟踪、统计仔稚鱼至商品鱼这一生长阶段的生长参数,进行遗传评估,并最终确立具有最大经济效益的卵子参数,才是目前经济鱼类卵质标准研究需加强的方向。该研究将为今后卵生型鱼类卵子发育潜能预测方法研究提供科学依据,同时为鱼类繁育工作风险预判提供具实践性的方法资料。     

河沟谷区管道敷设方式和地质灾害的关系探析

随着涩宁兰管道投产,沿管道地质灾害酿成人员伤亡、财产损失和环境污染等灾难也逐步凸显。在河沟谷区,地质灾害发育密度高,对管道的威胁较大,灾害后果较为严重。介绍交切和平行管道敷设方式。通过对野外调查数据的分析,发现交切敷设的管道地质灾害的发育密度和风险等级远远大于平行敷设的管道。单从风险控制角度来说,油气长输管道在类似自然环境中选线时,建议以平行河沟谷敷设为主,且尽量考虑沿谷缘山梁带敷设穿越。